Abstract: Systems, methods, and computer program products for establishing and using credit limits between counterparties and for managing risk in the trading of financial interests. A trading party may control the amount of future financial exposure that the trading party will incur with any counterparty in one or more future time periods in trades by the trading party during a trading session. Credit limits may be used to permit proposed trades to be completed or not depending upon available credit. Where there is insufficient credit, the trade may be blocked or otherwise prevented from progressing towards completion. If there is insufficient credit and if trading up to available credit is permitted, a partial trade for an amount up to the credit limit may be allowed. During a trading session, the credit remaining of a set credit limit between the trading party and the respective counterparty is changed according to trades executed between the trading party and the counterparty.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method, system, and computer program product for routing, modeling routes, and measuring congestion. In some embodiments, Gcells are implemented with reduced number of nodes to facilitate route modeling and congestion measurement. Some embodiments are particularly suitable for direct congestion and routing analysis of diagonal routing paths. In this way, congestion analysis can be directly performed along diagonal boundaries for diagonal routes, without requiring association with Gcell boundaries on Manhattan routing layers.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method, system, and computer program product for routing, modeling routes, and measuring congestion. In some embodiments, Gcells are implemented with reduced number of nodes to facilitate route modeling and congestion measurement. Some embodiments are particularly suitable for direct congestion and routing analysis of diagonal routing paths. In this way, congestion analysis can be directly performed along diagonal boundaries for diagonal routes, without requiring association with Gcell boundaries on Manhattan routing layers.

Abstract: Some embodiments of the invention provide a Local Preferred Direction (LPD) wiring model for use with one or more EDA tools (such as placing, routing, etc). An LPD wiring model allows at least one wiring layer to have a set of regions that each have a different preferred direction than the particular wiring layer. In addition, each region has a local preferred direction that differs from the local preferred direction of at least one other region in the set. Furthermore, at least two regions have two different polygonal shapes and no region in the set encompasses another region in the set. Some embodiments also provide a Graphical User Interface (GUI) that facilitates a visual presentation of an LPD design layout and provides tools to create and manipulate LPD regions in a design layout.

Abstract: Some embodiments of the invention provide a method for defining wiring directions in a design layout having several wiring layers. The method decomposes a first wiring layer into several non-overlapping regions. It assigns at least two different local preferred wiring directions to at least two of the regions. In some embodiments, the method decomposing the first wiring layer by using the vertices of items in the layout to decompose the layout. In some of these embodiments, the items include macro blocks. The method of some embodiments also identifies several power via arrays on the first wiring layer, and identifies a local preferred wiring direction based on the arrangement of the power via arrays on the first wiring layer.

Abstract: The invention provides systems, methods, and programs for improved computer trading of financial and other interests, including improvements in the making, acceptance, and control of proposals for transactions in interests. Among improvements provided by the invention are the presentation of terms of proposed transactions to trading parties in terms selected or otherwise designated by the trading parties. For example, terms of proposed transactions may be displayed in present or future values, such as in straight or split amounts for forward swap agreements. Prices in currency exchanges may be expressed in terms of any of the involved currencies. Improvements further include improved means for changing terms of proposed transactions, and especially groups or sets of proposed transactions; restrictions on repeated acceptance of transaction proposals; trading by users on each other's behalf; and improved display of transaction information associated with fellow traders.

Abstract: Some embodiments of the invention provide a method for defining wiring directions in a design layout having several wiring layers. The method decomposes a first wiring layer into several non-overlapping regions. It assigns at least two different local preferred wiring directions to at least two of the regions. In some embodiments, the method decomposing the first wiring layer by using the vertices of items in the layout to decompose the layout. In some of these embodiments, the items include macro blocks. The method of some embodiments also identifies several power via arrays on the first wiring layer, and identifies a local preferred wiring direction based on the arrangement of the power via arrays on the first wiring layer.

Abstract: Some embodiments of the invention provide a method for defining wiring directions in a design layout having several wiring layers. The method decomposes a first wiring layer into several non-overlapping regions. It assigns at least two different local preferred wiring directions to at least two of the regions. In some embodiment, the method decomposing the first wiring layer by using the vertices of items in the layout to decompose the layout. In some of these embodiments, the item include macro blocks. The method of some embodiments also identifies several power via arrays on the first wiring layer, and identifies a local preferred wiring direction based on the arrangement of the power via arrays on the first wiring layer.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method, system, and computer program product for routing, modeling routes, and measuring congestion. In some embodiments, Gcells are implemented with reduced number of nodes to facilitate route modeling and congestion measurement. Some embodiments are particularly suitable for direct congestion and routing analysis of diagonal routing paths. In this way, congestion analysis can be directly performed along diagonal boundaries for diagonal routes, without requiring association with Gcell boundaries on Manhattan routing layers.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method, system, and computer program product for routing, modeling routes, and measuring congestion. In some embodiments, Gcells are implemented with reduced number of nodes to facilitate route modeling and congestion measurement. Some embodiments are particularly suitable for direct congestion and routing analysis of diagonal routing paths. In this way, congestion analysis can be directly performed along diagonal boundaries for diagonal routes, without requiring association with Gcell boundaries on Manhattan routing layers.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method, system, and computer program product for routing, modeling routes, and measuring congestion. In some embodiments, Gcells are implemented with reduced number of nodes to facilitate route modeling and congestion measurement. Some embodiments are particularly suitable for direct congestion and routing analysis of diagonal routing paths. In this way, congestion analysis can be directly performed along diagonal boundaries for diagonal routes, without requiring association with Gcell boundaries on Manhattan routing layers.

Abstract: Systems, methods, and computer program products for establishing and using credit limits between counterparties and for managing risk in the trading of financial interests. Credit filtered views of executable market information are provided to trading parties. By setting credit limits used to provide credit-filtered views, a trading party may control the amount of future financial exposure that the trading party will incur with any counterparty in one or more present-and/or future time periods in trades by the trading party during a trading session. The credit limit information may be used by a central computer to provide credit filtered market views to trading parties. During a trading session, the credit remaining of a set credit limit between the trading party and the respective counterparty is changed according to trades executed between the trading party and the counterparty.

Abstract: model for use with one or more EDA tools (such as placing, routing, etc). An LPD wiring model allows at least one wiring layer to have a set of regions that each have a different preferred direction than the particular wiring layer. In addition, each region has a local preferred direction that differs from the local preferred direction of at least one other region in the set. Furthermore, at least two regions have two different polygonal shapes and no region in the set encompasses another region in the set. Some embodiments also provide a Graphical User Interface (GUI) that facilitates a visual presentation of an LPD design layout and provides tools to create and manipulate LPD regions in a design layout.

Abstract: Some embodiments of the invention provide a Local Preferred Direction (LPD) wiring model for use with one or more EDA tools (such as placing, routing, etc). An LPD wiring model allows at least one wiring layer to have a set of regions that each have a different preferred direction than the particular wiring layer. In addition, each region has a local preferred direction that differs from the local preferred direction of at least one other region in the set. Furthermore, at least two regions have two different polygonal shapes and no region in the set encompasses another region in the set. Some embodiments also provide a Graphical User Interface (GUI) that facilitates a visual presentation of an LPD design layout and provides tools to create and manipulate LPD regions in a design layout.

Abstract: Some embodiments of the invention provide a method for routing. The method defines at least one wiring layer that has at least two regions with different local preferred wiring directions. The method then uses the differing local preferred wiring directions to define a global route on the wiring layer. The two regions are a first region with a first local preferred wiring direction, and a second region with a second local preferred wiring direction. The global route traverses the first region along the first local preferred wiring direction and traverses the second region along the second local preferred wiring direction.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method, system, and computer program product for routing, modeling routes, and measuring congestion. In some embodiments, Gcells are implemented with reduced number of nodes to facilitate route modeling and congestion measurement. Some embodiments are particularly suitable for direct congestion and routing analysis of diagonal routing paths. In this way, congestion analysis can be directly performed along diagonal boundaries for diagonal routes, without requiring association with Gcell boundaries on Manhattan routing layers.

Abstract: The invention provides systems, methods, and programs for improved computer trading of financial and other interests, including improvements in the making, acceptance, and control of proposals for transactions in interests. Among improvements provided by the invention are the presentation of terms of proposed transactions to trading parties in terms selected or otherwise designated by the trading parties. For example, terms of proposed transactions may be displayed in present or future values, such as in straight or split amounts for forward swap agreements. Prices in currency exchanges may be expressed in terms of any of the involved currencies. Improvements further include improved means for changing terms of proposed transactions, and especially groups or sets of proposed transactions; restrictions on repeated acceptance of transaction proposals; trading by users on each other's behalf; and improved display of transaction information associated with fellow traders.

Abstract: Systems, methods, and computer program products are disclosed for establishing and using credit limits between counterparties and for managing risk in the trading of financial interests. The invention provides a trading party with the ability to control the amount of future financial exposure that the trading party will incur with any counterparty in one or more future time periods in trades by the trading party during a trading session. A trading party may establish and use credit limits with potential counterparties in the trading of financial interests having a future financial exposure such as foreign exchange (“FX”) forwards contracts, forwards contracts in commodities, e.g., precious metals, energy, etc., stock options, futures contracts, bonds, loan contracts, money market certificates, other fixed income securities, etc. Credit limits may be used to permit proposed trades to be completed or not depending upon available credit.

Abstract: Systems, methods, and computer program products are disclosed for establishing and using credit limits between counterparties and for managing risk in the trading of financial interests. The invention provides credit filtered views of executable market information to trading parties. By setting credit limits used to provide credit-filtered views, the invention provides trading parties the ability to control the amount of future financial exposure that the trading party will incur with any counterparty in one or more present-and/or future time periods in trades by the trading party during a trading session. A trading party may establish and use credit limits with potential counterparties in the trading of financial interests having a current or future financial exposure such as foreign exchange (“FX”) forwards contracts, forwards contracts in commodities, e.g., precious metals, energy, etc., stock options, futures contracts, bonds, loan contracts, money market certificates, other fixed income securities, etc.

Abstract: Some embodiments of the invention provide a method for routing. The method defines at least one wiring layer that has at least two regions with different local preferred wiring directions. The method then uses the differing local preferred wiring directions to define a global route on the wiring layer. The two regions are a first region with a first local preferred wiring direction, and a second region with a second local preferred wiring direction. The global route traverses the first region along the first local preferred wiring direction and traverses the second region along the second local preferred wiring direction.