Abstract: A weapon barrel includes an inner core and an outer sleeve. The inner core has a first end, a second end, a bore extending from the first end to the second end, and an external surface extending from the first end to the second end. The inner core includes a material selected from the group consisting of a ferrous alloy, a non-ferrous alloy, a ceramic, a bonded ceramic, and a cemented carbide. The outer sleeve has a first end, a second end, an internal surface extending from the first end to the second end, and an external surface extending from the first end to the second end. The outer sleeve is disposed around and permanently joined to the inner core. The outer sleeve includes a material selected from the group consisting of a metal-matrix composite and a beryllium alloy, the outer sleeve material being located at and between the internal surface and the external surface of the outer sleeve.

Abstract: Methods of manufacturing metal, metal-matrix, metal-metal-matrix composite weapon barrels offer barrels with improved thermal performance and rigidity with no, minimal or negative weight increase. A barrel may include a barrel core surrounded by a lightweight, thermally conductive sleeve made from metal, metal-matrix composite (MMC) materials, also referred to as metal-matrix material. The barrel core and barrel sleeve may include aligning features to prevent separation and movement of the sleeve along the core. The disclosed methods provide for material combinations and part designs that prevent separation of their parts over the life of the weapon barrel and allow the barrel to perform at high cadence over the whole temperature range the barrel is used.

Abstract: A powered surgical tool for a user to manipulate a desired tissue in surgical site within a patient may include a body having a tissue manipulation portion powerable and having a manipulation member for manipulating the desired tissue, and a projecting device with an exit port. The projecting device is powerable to emit an optical targeting marker from the exit port in a targeting direction onto the surgical site in a way that is operationally related to the operative direction and is visible to the user for providing information about at least one of a location and an orientation of the manipulation member and an operative direction within the surgical site. An imaging device may be provided to obtaining an image of the surgical site using an optical receiver attached to the body. The device may also measure and/or indicate distance to the surgical site.

Abstract: A surgical device is disclosed for attachment to a body of a surgical tool usable to manipulate a desired tissue in a surgical site within a patient, the surgical device may include a housing with at least one each of a projecting device, an imaging device and/or an illuminating device. The housing may be removably attachable to the body in an operatively-aligned orientation relative to the body. The projecting device(s) may emit an optical targeting marker from the exit port in a targeting direction onto the surgical site. The illuminating device(s) may illuminate the surgical site. The one imaging device(s) may obtaining an image of the surgical site.

Abstract: Methods of manufacturing metal, metal-matrix, metal-metal-matrix composite weapon barrels offer barrels with improved thermal performance and rigidity with no, minimal or negative weight increase. A barrel may include a barrel core surrounded by a lightweight, thermally conductive sleeve made from metal, metal-matrix composite (MMC) materials, also referred to as metal-matrix material. The barrel core and barrel sleeve may include aligning features to prevent separation and movement of the sleeve along the core. The disclosed methods provide for material combinations and part designs that prevent separation of their parts over the life of the weapon barrel and allow the barrel to perform at high cadence over the whole temperature range the barrel is used.

Abstract: A weapon barrel has a barrel core composed of iron or nickel alloy and at least one barrel jacket made from a metal-matrix material encasing the barrel core. The jacket and core thereby form a metal-metal-matrix composite barrel. The metal-matrix material may have a specific tensile strength that is greater than or equal to 80 N·m/g, and greater than or equal to the specific tensile strength of the barrels core material. The metal matrix material may include aluminum, titanium, beryllium and magnesium alloys, and composites, in addition to a filler material such as carbon nanotubes, graphite, diamond, carbides, and nitrides.

Abstract: A weapon barrel has a barrel core composed of iron or nickel alloy and at least one barrel jacket made from a metal-matrix material encasing the barrel core. The jacket and core thereby form a metal-metal-matrix composite barrel. The metal-matrix material may have a specific tensile strength that is greater than or equal to 80 N·m/g, and greater than or equal to the specific tensile strength of the barrels core material. The metal matrix material may include aluminum, titanium, beryllium and magnesium alloys, and composites, in addition to a filler material such as carbon nanotubes, graphite, diamond, carbides, and nitrides.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for obtaining etheric oils and/or constituents of etheric oils from the peel of citrus fruit and/or herbs that have a high residual moisture content comprising the steps a) extraction of the moist extraction material with an extraction agent mixture comprising at least one polar and at least one non-polar solvent for obtaining a miscella, wherein the extraction material is selected from citrus fruit peel and/or residues from the juice production from citrus fruits and/or herbs, wherein the extraction material has a residual moisture content of 5 to 95% by mass, measured on the total mass of the extraction material, wherein the extraction agent mixture contains at least one non-polar solvent in a proportion of 45 to 95% by volume, measured on the total volume of the extraction agent mixture, wherein the extraction agent mixture has a temperature above ambient temperature but below the boiling point of the lowest boiling-point solvent or of the lowest boiling-point azeotrop

Abstract: A method for moist extraction of oil-containing components from coffee beans and/or residues from coffee production, wherein the coffee beans and/or residues from coffee production with a residual moisture content of 10 to 95 percent by mass, measured with reference to the total mass of the coffee beans and/or residues from coffee production are extracted with a mixture of extraction agents consisting of at least one each of a polar and a nonpolar solvent.

Abstract: The invention is directed to the construction of weapon barrels from a steel core and at least one metal-matrix material sleeve, forming a composite metal-metal-matrix barrel which are applicable in rifles, shotguns, cannons, and mortars. Due to the properties of the metal-matrix materials (e.g. higher specific strength, higher specific heat capacity and lower density), the composite barrels can exhibit a higher rate of fire, reduced weight, improved accuracy, or a combination of any of these properties. Disclosed are various exemplary embodiments of such barrels with improved performance, properties of the metal-matrix materials necessary to allow these improvements as well as methods to produce the same.

Abstract: Weapon barrels are disclosed which offer improved thermal performance and rigidity with no, minimal or negative weight increase. In general the barrel comprises a barrel core surrounded by a lightweight, thermally conductive sleeve made from metal-matrix composite (MMC) materials, also referred to as metal-matrix material. The increased diameter of the sleeve improves the barrel's stiffness and the sleeve's thermal conductivity and distributes the heat more evenly along the barrel. Manufacturing and joining techniques are disclosed as well as materials and material combinations that allow the barrel to perform at high cadence over the whole temperature range the barrel is used. Hot spots may be reduced and more surface area can contribute to heat dissipation. The increased diameter also allows integration of phase changing and/or vibration dampening materials, which further enhance performance.

Abstract: The invention is directed to the construction of weapon barrels from a steel core and at least one metal-matrix material sleeve, forming a composite metal-metal-matrix barrel which are applicable in rifles, shotguns, cannons, and mortars. Due to the properties of the metal-matrix materials (e.g. higher specific strength, higher specific heat capacity and lower density), the composite barrels can exhibit a higher rate of fire, reduced weight, improved accuracy, or a combination of any of these properties. Disclosed are various exemplary embodiments of such barrels with improved performance, properties of the metal-matrix materials necessary to allow these improvements as well as methods to produce the same.