Abstract: The present invention relates to disposable bioreactors having at least one permanently integrated disposable ATR element. These bioreactors are suitable for cultivating microorganisms or cell cultures, or for cell-free gene expression, wherein liquid samples are examined in the bioreactor by means of infrared spectroscopy.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a process for fine purification of isophoronediamine from the production of isophoronediamine wherein the crude isophoronediamine I is subjected to a fine purification by means of two vacuum distillation columns, wherein I. in the first vacuum distillation column K I low-boiling by-products still present are removed, and a crude IPDA II is transferred from the bottom of K I into the vacuum distillation column K II, II. and in the second vacuum distillation column K II the isophoronediamine is obtained in pure form overhead and separated from the organic residues, wherein the first condenser is a partial condenser and the pure IPDA is removed therein, and wherein the second condenser is a total condenser and the residual portion of the vapor stream from K II is completely condensed therein and recycled as return stream into the first vacuum distillation column K I.

Abstract: A process for fine purification of isophoronediamine (IPDA), including producing IPDA by aminating hydrogenation of isophorone nitrile in the presence of at least ammonia, hydrogen, a a hydrogenation catalyst and optionally further additions to obtain a crude IPDA, and subjecting the crude IPDA to a fine purification via two vacuum distillation columns, wherein in the first vacuum distillation column the removal of any remaining relatively low-boiling byproducts is effected and in the second vacuum distillation column the IPDA is obtained in pure form as tops and thus separated from the organic residues, and wherein the first vacuum distillation column has vacuum distillation column has a partial condenser fitted to it.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a process for fine purification of isophoronediamine from the production of isophoronediamine wherein the crude isophoronediamine I is subjected to a fine purification by means of two vacuum distillation columns, wherein I. in the first vacuum distillation column K I low-boiling by-products still present are removed, and a crude IPDA II is transferred from the bottom of K I into the vacuum distillation column K II, II. and in the second vacuum distillation column K II the isophoronediamine is obtained in pure form overhead and separated from the organic residues, wherein the first condenser is a partial condenser and the pure IPDA is removed therein, and wherein the second condenser is a total condenser and the residual portion of the vapor stream from K II is completely condensed therein and recycled as return stream into the first vacuum distillation column K I.

Abstract: A process for fine purification of isophoronediamine (IPDA), including producing IPDA by aminating hydrogenation of isophorone nitrile in the presence of at least ammonia, hydrogen, a a hydrogenation catalyst and optionally further additions to obtain a crude IPDA, and subjecting the crude IPDA to a fine purification via two vacuum distillation columns, wherein in the first vacuum distillation column the removal of any remaining relatively low-boiling byproducts is effected and in the second vacuum distillation column the IPDA is obtained in pure form as tops and thus separated from the organic residues, and wherein the first vacuum distillation column has vacuum distillation column has a partial condenser fitted to it.

Abstract: Cosmetic or dermatological preparations, which are finely dispersed systems of the oil-in-water or water-in-oil type, comprising 1. an oil phase, 2. an aqueous phase, 3. boron nitride which has both hydrophilic and lipophilic properties, i.e. has amphiphilic character, and thus positions itself at the water/oil interface, and 4. at most 0.5% by weight of one or more emulsifiers and also optionally comprising further cosmetic or pharmaceutical auxiliaries, additives and/or active ingredients.

Abstract: Cosmetic or dermatological stick preparations, which are finely disperse systems of the water-in-oil type, comprising a) an oil phase which ?comprises from 10 to 70% by weight, based on the weight of the fatty phase, of fatty and/or wax components which melt above a temperature of 40° C., b) a water phase, c) at least one modified phyllosilicate which exhibits both hydrophilic and also lipophilic properties, which thus has amphiphilic character and positions itself at the water/oil interface, and d) at most 0.5% by weight of one or more emulsifiers and method for their preparation.

Abstract: The present invention includes cosmetic or dermatological preparations of the oil-in-water type comprising an oil phase having incorporated therein one or more citric esters of the general structural formula in which R1, R2 and R3, independently of one another, are chosen from the group consisting of ethyl, propyl and butyl, and R4 is a hydrogen atom or a CH3(CO) group; and a water phase, where the difference in density between the oil phase and the water phase (determinable using a computerized digital density meter of the type DMA 45 from chempro/PA at 25° C.) is not greater than 0.01 g·cm?3. The present invention also includes a method for the stabilization of oil-in-water formulations.

Abstract: Pickering emulsions, which are finely disperse systems of the water-in-oil or oil-in-water type, comprising (1) an oil phase, (2) a water phase, (3) at least one type of microfine particles which a) have an average particle size of less than 200 nm, which b) display both hydrophilic and lipophilic properties, i.e. which have amphiphilic character, and are dispersible both in water and in oil and which c) have optionally been coated on the surface, (4) at least one electrolyte and (5) at most 0.5% by weight of one or more emulsifiers.

Abstract: Use of cosmetic and/or dermatological preparations in the form of emulsions, comprising a) an effective amount of one or more ?-hydroxycarboxylic acids and/or an effective amount of one or more ?-hydroxycarboxylic acids b) one or more interface-active substances, chosen from the group of glucose derivatives and, if desired, furthermore comprising (c) one or more interface-active substances chosen from the group of oligoglycerides against blemished skin or acne.

Abstract: The invention is a cosmetic or dermatological formulation comprising a) a lipophilic phase in a concentration of 20 to 70% by weight, b) an aqueous phase in a concentration of 20 to 40% by weight, c) at least one Pickering pigment selected from the group consisting of titanium dioxide having a particle diameter of 10 to 100 nm and iron oxide having a particle diameter of 100 to 800 nm, in a concentration of 1 to 6% by weight, d) at least one coated titanium dioxide pigment having a particle diameter of 100 to 2000 nm, in a concentration of 0.1 to 10% by weight, and e) further colored pigments having a in an amount of 0.1 to 20% by weight. The invention also includes a method for manufacturing lipstick comprising combining the above ingredients and methods of protecting the lips and decorating the lips comprising applying the formulation.

Abstract: Pickering emulsions, which are finely disperse systems of the water-in-oil or oil-in-water type, comprising (1) an oil phase, (2) a water phase, (3) at least one type of microfine particles which a) have an average particle size of less than 200 nm, which b) display both hydrophilic and lipophilic properties, i.e. which have amphiphilic character, and are dispersible both in water and in oil and which c) have optionally been coated on the surface, (4) at least one film former and (5) at most 0.5% by weight of one or more emulsifiers.

Abstract: The present invention includes oil-free cosmetic or dermatological emulsions that include a water phase and at least one UV filter substance which is liquid at room temperature as a further phase, where the difference in density between the UV filter phase and the water phase (determinable using a computerized digital density meter of the type DMA 45 from Chempro/PA at 25° C.) is not greater than 0.01 g·cm?3. The present invention further includes processes for the preparation of oil-free emulsions.

Abstract: Active compound combinations, which have a light protection action, of 4,4′,4″-(1,3,5-triazine-2,4,6-triyltriimino)-trisbenzoic acid tris(2-ethylhexyl ester) and one or more emulsifiers chosen from the group of substances of the general structural formula wherein R1, R2 and R3 independently of one another are chosen from the group which comprises: H and branched and unbranched, saturated and unsaturated fatty acid radicals having 8 to 24 carbon atoms, in which up to three aliphatic hydrogen atoms can be replaced by hydroxyl groups, and n is a number from 2 to 8.

Abstract: Emulsifier-free cosmetic or dermatological preparations, which are finely dispersed systems of the water-in-oil type, comprising 1. an oil phase, 2. an aqueous phase and 3. one or more types of micronized, inorganic pigments which a) have an average particle size of less than 200 nm, and whose particles b) have both hydrophilic and lipophilic properties, i.e. have an amphiphilic character, and thus position themselves at the water/oil interface, and which c) are selected from the group consisting of metal oxides, which d) are optionally coated on the surface and also optionally comprising further cosmetic or pharmaceutical auxiliaries, additives and/or active substances.

Abstract: Pickering emulsions, which are finely disperse systems of the water-in-oil or oil-in-water type, comprising (1) an oil phase, (2) a water phase, (3) at least one type of microfine particles which a) have an average particle size of less than 200 nm, which b) display both hydrophilic and lipophilic properties, i.e. which have amphiphilic character, and are dispersible both in water and in oil and which c) have optionally been coated on the surface, (4) at least one polymeric moisturizer and (5) at most 0.5% by weight of one or more emulsifiers.

Abstract: Pickering emulsions, which are finely disperse systems of the water-in-oil or oil-in-water type, comprising (1) an oil phase which contains at least one wax and/or one oil thickener, (2) a water phase, (3) at least one type of microfine particles which a) have an average particle size of less than 200 nm, which b) display both hydrophilic and lipophilic properties, i.e. which have amphiphilic character, and are dispersible both in water and in oil and which c) have optionally been coated on the surface, and (4) at most 0.5 % by weight of one or more emulsifiers.

Abstract: The invention is a cosmetic or dermatological formulation and a method of applying same. The cosmetic or dermatological formulation includes one or more effect pigments, particularly pearlescent pigments, having an average particle size of from 15 &mgr;m to 200 &mgr;m for making the cosmetic or dermatological formulation visible on the skin. The invention also includes a method of assessing the amount of a cosmetic and dermatological formulation applied to the skin.

Abstract: Pickering emulsions, which are finely disperse systems of the water-in-oil or oil-in-water type, comprising (1) an oil phase, (2) a water phase, (3) at least one type of microfine particles which a) have an average particle size of less than 200 nm, which b) display both hydrophilic and lipophilic properties, i.e. which have amphiphilic character, and are dispersible both in water and in oil and which c) have optionally been coated on the surface, (4) at least one film former and (5) at most 0.5% by weight of one or more emulsifiers.

Abstract: Cosmetic or dermatological preparations, which are finely dispersed systems of the oil-in-water or water-in-oil type, comprising 1. an oil phase, 2. an aqueous phase, 3. at least one modified polysaccharide which (a) has both hydrophilic and lipophilic properties, i.e. has amphiphilic character, and is thus dispersible both in water and in oil, and which (b) has no thickening properties, and 4. at most 0.5% by weight of one or more emulsifiers. and also optionally comprising further cosmetic or pharmaceutical auxiliaries, additives and/or active substances.