Abstract: Embodiments described herein relate to an apparatus that includes a first roller with a plurality of first grooves, and a force application assembly configured to apply a force to the first roller. In an embodiment, the apparatus further comprises a frame, where the first roller is displaceable in a vertical direction along the frame. In an embodiment, the apparatus further includes a second roller that is coupled to the first roller, where the second roller includes a plurality of second grooves, and where the plurality of first grooves are aligned with the plurality of second grooves.

Abstract: A photovoltaic module structure comprises a transparent front encapsulant and a back encapsulant encapsulating a solar cell. The transparent front encapsulant has an elastic modulus lower than or equal to 30 megapascals and the back encapsulant has an elastic modulus greater than or equal to 100 megapascals. A module backplane is attached to the back encapsulant. The module backplane has a flexural rigidity of a plate greater than or equal to 6 Newton meters.