Abstract: A method and network element include receiving, at a receiver node, at least one of sender timestamps and sequence numbers in continuity check (CC) frames sent by a sender node; determining receiver timestamps at the receiver node; detecting instability based on one or more of the at least one of sender timestamps and sequence numbers and the receiver timestamps; and performing a remedial action based on the detecting instability. The CC frames can include Bidirectional Forwarding Detection (BFD) or Continuity Check Message (CCM) frames which are regularly transmitted in a session, but do not currently include timestamps or sequence numbers.

Abstract: A method, a network element, and a network include determining an authentication mechanism between two nodes in a network path; operating the network path; performing connectivity check between the two nodes in the network path; and authenticating specific frames in the connectivity check between the two nodes with the authentication mechanism responsive to the specific frames affecting a state of the network path. The frames can be Bidirectional Forwarding Detection (BFD), Continuity Check Messages (CCMs), etc. Advantageously, the method, network element, and network reduce the computational load of providing authentication while maintaining secure authentication for important frames, i.e., ones that affect the state of the network path.

Abstract: A user equipment (UE) includes a receiver, display, and processor. The receiver is configured to receive a data stream including a plurality of frames. The data stream includes a region of interest in a key frame of the plurality of frames. The display is configured to display a portion of a frame of the plurality of frames. The processor is configured to perform an action to focus a current view of the UE to the region of interest in the key frame. Each frame of the plurality of frames includes a plurality of images stitched together to form a stitched image. The stitched image for at least one frame of the plurality of frames includes at least one high dynamic range (HDR) image and at least one standard dynamic range (SDR) image.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus for optimizing fault synchronization in a bidirectional data network are provided. In an example, a downstream endpoint of the data network receives a first Alarm Indication Signal (AIS). The first AIS indicates a first FLI of an upstream interface having an interface fault. The downstream endpoint transmits, to an upstream endpoint of the data network, a second AIS including a Remote Defect Indication (RDI) and a second FLI identifying the downstream endpoint. An upstream endpoint of the data network receives the second AIS and determines that the AIS is an AIS-RDI (AIS-RDI) from the presence of the second FLI. The presence of the AIS-RDI triggers the upstream endpoint to initiate tunnel failure synchronization with the downstream endpoint.

Abstract: A video processing unit and method for region adaptive smoothing. The image processing unit includes a memory and one or more processors. The one or processors are operably connected to the memory and configured to stitch together a plurality of video frames into a plurality of equirectangular mapped frames of a video. The one or processors are configured to define a top region and a bottom region for each of the equirectangular mapped frames of the video; perform a smoothing process on the top region and the bottom region for each of the equirectangular mapped frames of the video; and encode the smoothed equirectangular mapped frames of the video.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus for video encoding and decoding. A method for video decoding includes receiving a bit stream for a compressed video and control information for decompression of the video. The method includes identifying a plurality of blocks in a picture of the video based on the control information, each of the blocks having a first size and for each of the blocks, and identifying that one or more of the blocks is divided into a plurality of sub-blocks based on the control information. The method also includes determining whether to apply a filter to pixels in each respective block and each respective sub-block based on the control information. Additionally, the method includes selectively applying the filter to one or more of the blocks and to one or more of the sub-blocks in decoding of the bit stream based on the determination.

Abstract: A method comprises computing a color factor value indicating an amount of color gradients in at least one color channel from the query image. The method comprises combining the color-keypoints with the gray-keypoints when the color factor value is greater than a threshold. A method for performing a visual search comprises extracting a plurality of local descriptors from a query image and then selecting a subset of them based on various criteria's such as visual meaning score. A method comprises aggregating each mean vector for each visual codeword from distances between each visual codeword and local descriptors. The method comprises aggregating variance vector for each visual codeword from the distance between each visual codeword, and local descriptors. The method comprises transmitting aggregated mean vector information and aggregated variance vector information to a search server for efficient image retrieval.

Abstract: A method and network element include receiving, at a receiver node, at least one of sender timestamps and sequence numbers in continuity check (CC) frames sent by a sender node; determining receiver timestamps at the receiver node; detecting instability based on one or more of the at least one of sender timestamps and sequence numbers and the receiver timestamps; and performing a remedial action based on the detecting instability. The CC frames can include Bidirectional Forwarding Detection (BFD) or Continuity Check Message (CCM) frames which are regularly transmitted in a session, but do not currently include timestamps or sequence numbers.

Abstract: A method, a network element, and a network include determining an authentication mechanism between two nodes in a network path; operating the network path; performing connectivity check between the two nodes in the network path; and authenticating specific frames in the connectivity check between the two nodes with the authentication mechanism responsive to the specific frames affecting a state of the network path. The frames can be Bidirectional Forwarding Detection (BFD), Continuity Check Messages (CCMs), etc. Advantageously, the method, network element, and network reduce the computational load of providing authentication while maintaining secure authentication for important frames, i.e., ones that affect the state of the network path.

Abstract: A method is provided that includes receiving a bitstream. The method also includes parsing the bitstream for a flag indicating whether a palette was used from a first or second coding unit. The method also includes decoding the first coding unit using the palette from the first or second coding unit indicated by the flag. The palette is determined based on which palette of the first or second coding unit improves compression performance. Also, a method is provided that includes receiving a bitstream with a predicted pixel. A coding unit and a reference unit are identified. A number of pixels of the coding unit and the reference unit overlap. A set of available pixels and a set of unavailable pixels of the reference unit are identified. The predicted pixel of the set of unavailable pixels is estimated as a pixel of the set of available pixels.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for video fingerprinting are provided. The method includes, for each frame of a video sequence including a plurality of frames, removing a portion of the frame, dividing a remaining portion of the frame into blocks, dividing each block into sub-blocks, computing a block level feature as a mean of pixels in each sub-block within the block, concatenating all block level features in the frame, and concatenating features of all frames in the video sequence.

Abstract: In various embodiments, a method and a decoder include identifying a directional intra prediction mode with an angle of prediction. The method also includes identifying a first and second reference neighboring samples in a block of the video along the angle of prediction; the angle of prediction intersects a pixel to be predicted. The method further includes determining which of the first and second reference samples is nearest the angle of prediction and applying a value of the nearest reference neighboring sample to the pixel as a predictor. Also, a method and a decoder include determining whether a block type of a block of the video is intra block copy. The method also includes responsive to the block type being the intra block copy, determining a transform block size of the block and, responsive to the transform block size being 4×4, applying a discrete sine transform to the block.

Abstract: A method and apparatus encode and decode video by determining whether to use discrete cosine transform (DCT) and DST for each of the horizontal and vertical transforms. During encoding, an intra-prediction is performed based on an intra-prediction mode determined for an M×N input image block to obtain an M×N intra-prediction residue matrix (E). Based on the intra-prediction mode, each of a horizontal transform and a vertical transform is performed using one of DCT and DST according to the intra-prediction mode. During decoding, the intra-prediction mode is determined from an incoming video bitstream. The M×N transformed coefficient matrix of the error residue is obtained from the video bitstream using an inverse quantizer. Based on the intra prediction mode, one of DCT and DST is performed for each of an inverse vertical transform and an inverse horizontal transform.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus for optimizing fault synchronization in a bidirectional data network are provided. In an example, a downstream endpoint of the data network receives a first Alarm Indication Signal (AIS). The first AIS indicates a first FLI of an upstream interface having an interface fault. The downstream endpoint transmits, to an upstream endpoint of the data network, a second AIS including a Remote Defect Indication (RDI) and a second FLI identifying the downstream endpoint. An upstream endpoint of the data network receives the second AIS and determines that the AIS is an AIS-RDI (AIS-RDI) from the presence of the second FLI. The presence of the AIS-RDI triggers the upstream endpoint to initiate tunnel failure synchronization with the downstream endpoint.

Abstract: A method includes receiving a video bitstream and a flag and interpreting the flag to determine a transform that was used at an encoder. The method also includes, upon a determination that the transform that was used at the encoder includes a secondary transform, applying an inverse secondary transform to the received video bitstream, where the inverse secondary transform corresponds to the secondary transform used at the encoder. The method further includes applying an inverse discrete cosine transform (DCT) to the video bitstream after applying the inverse secondary transform.

Abstract: A wireless communication device includes a processor configured to execute an image query. The image query utilizes cluster selection criteria for a cluster-aggregation based vectorization of a set of local features based on a quantity of top local features having the highest posteriori probability values. The cluster selection criterion is measured as the summation of the posteriori probability values of the top local features. The quantity of top local features is determined by a predetermined integer value greater than one.

Abstract: To reduce communication costs and computational complexity, only a subset of ranked SIFT points within a query image for a visual search request is transmitted to the visual search server in each iteration of an incremental search. For each candidate match, a flag identifying the matching points is returned by the server for use in computing holistic (e.g., histogram) information for a bounding box within the query image including the matching points. Distance from that query image holistic information is used to reject images from a short list used for a subsequent iteration, if any. If all images are rejected or a match criteria is met during one iteration, the search may terminate early without consideration of remaining SIFT points.

Abstract: A method comprises computing a color factor value indicating an amount of color gradients in at least one color channel from the query image. The method comprises combining the color-keypoints with the gray-keypoints when the color factor value is greater than a threshold. A method for performing a visual search comprises extracting a plurality of local descriptors from a query image and then selecting a subset of them based on various criteria's such as visual meaning score. A method comprises aggregating each mean vector for each visual codeword from distances between each visual codeword and local descriptors. The method comprises aggregating variance vector for each visual codeword from the distance between each visual codeword, and local descriptors. The method comprises transmitting aggregated mean vector information and aggregated variance vector information to a search server for efficient image retrieval.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for video fingerprinting are provided. The method includes, for each frame of a video sequence including a plurality of frames, removing a portion of the frame, dividing a remaining portion of the frame into blocks, dividing each block into sub-blocks, computing a block level feature as a mean of pixels in each sub-block within the block, concatenating all block level features in the frame, and concatenating features of all frames in the video sequence.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for processing video data are provided. The method includes determining a primary transform CN for application to residual data at the encoder, determining a secondary transform TrK for application to the residual data, applying the primary transform CN to the residual data, and selectively applying the secondary transform TrK to the residual data, wherein N denotes the length size of the input vector on which the primary transform CN is applied, and K denotes the length of the first few coefficients of the primary transform output on which the secondary transform TrK is applied. Similar inverse operations are performed at the decoder, viz., selectively applying an inverse secondary transform inv(TrK) at the decoder for the input residual data, followed by application of the inverse primary transform inv(CN).