Abstract: Methods are provided for manufacturing an electrode. In one exemplary embodiment, the method includes the steps of contacting the silver layer with vanadium oxide, and heating the silver layer and vanadium oxide in an oxygen-containing atmosphere to form a silver vanadium oxide layer chemically bonded to the metal substrate.

Abstract: Wet-tantalum capacitors used in a medical device are charged to and maintained at a maintenance voltage between full energy charges so that deformation in the wet-tantalum capacitor is substantially inhibited.

Abstract: An improved manufacturing and packaging process for optimizing the size of various implanted medical devices is disclosed. Specifically, complex shapes involving ceramic capacitors with various other shapes are manufactured to optimize fit and shapes within the device housing. The manufacturing process includes various techniques and electrode material selections, including manufacturing processes that enable high energy discharge capacitors to be made in compliant shapes to fit in small ICD footprints.