Abstract: A timer scheduler is used to track timeout values for network connections. A single hardware timer generates timeout values that can be tracked per connection in a linked list that is processed at set time intervals. All tracked connections can have a future timeout scheduled. Future timeout values can be stored in both a linked list and a connection state table that cross-reference each other. The linked list is traversed at predetermined intervals to determine which entries have timed out. For each entry that timed out, a second check is made against a timeout value in the connection state table. If timeout value within the connection state table indicates that a timeout occurred, then the network connection is terminated.

Abstract: Packet processors or other devices with packet processing pipelines may implement pipelined evaluations of algorithmic forwarding route lookups. As network packets are received, a destination address for the network packets may be divided into different possible prefix lengths and corresponding entries in a routing table for the different possible prefix lengths may be determined according to a hash scheme for the routing table. The entry values may be read from the routing table and evaluated at subsequent stages to identify the entry with a longest prefix match with respect to the destination address for the network packet. The routing table may include entries for different types of network packets and may be configured to include virtual routing and forwarding for network packets.

Abstract: Power management of a routing table is provided by supporting various power domain configurations. Each power domain configuration can be associated with a different number of power domains than other power domain configurations. Efficient power management can be achieved by switching between a lower power domain configuration and a higher power domain configuration during run-time based on the dynamic load conditions.

Abstract: An electrode array supports multiple electrodes and energizes them so that adjacent electrodes do not have the same polarity. In one embodiment, the electrodes are held about a circumference outside and surrounding a tumor and opposed electrodes are energized in a round robin fashion to promote current flow through the center of the tumor from a variety of angles.

Abstract: Packet processors or other devices with packet processing pipelines may implement pipelined evaluations of algorithmic forwarding route lookups. As network packets are received, a destination address for the network packets may be divided into different possible prefix lengths and corresponding entries in a routing table for the different possible prefix lengths may be determined according to a hash scheme for the routing table. The entry values may be read from the routing table and evaluated at subsequent stages to identify the entry with a longest prefix match with respect to the destination address for the network packet. The routing table may include entries for different types of network packets and may be configured to include virtual routing and forwarding for network packets.

Abstract: Entropy in routing tables may be increase to perform packet forwarding. Hash tables that store forwarding routes may be divided into multiple hash table segments. Forwarding routes may be stored across the hash table segments in different route segments. When looking up route segments to identify a forwarding route for a destination address of a network packet, digest values generated for previous route segments may be used to determine hash key values to identify hash table entries in a different hash table segment. The forwarding route may be identified according to the hash table entries located based on the digest values for previous route segments.

Abstract: A method for accessing a memory location may include receiving packet data associated with a network connection. A first hash value and a second hash value are generated using the packet data. The first hash value identifies a hash bucket with a plurality of connection state entries. An index entry of the hash bucket is accessed using the first hash value. The index entry includes a plurality of hash keys for the corresponding plurality of connection state entries. The second hash value is matched with one of the plurality of hash keys in the index entry to obtain an offset. One of the plurality of connection state entries for the network connection is identified based on the first hash value and the offset. The identified connection state entry is accessed.

Abstract: A fast reroute (FRR) implementation utilizes an optimized FRR table to implement a fast switchover to a backup link upon detecting a primary link failure on a label switched path (LSP). The switchover can be performed in a negligible amount of time (close to zero milliseconds) based on a backup indicator flag which can be dynamically updated. The FRR table stores pre-determined backup egress interfaces and FRR labels corresponding to primary egress interfaces to minimize the switchover time.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is an apparatus for processing an Internet Protocol (IP) header and label switching (LS) headers of a packet in a pipeline. The apparatus includes an LS header processing circuit configured to select a first operation for the packet using an LS header from the packet, and an IP header processing circuit configured to perform an IP lookup to select a second operation for the packet. The apparatus further includes a tunnel initiation circuit configured to initiate an LS tunnel or IP tunnel. The LS header processing circuit, the IP header processing circuit, and the tunnel initiation circuit are operable to operate sequentially on a same packet and concurrently on different packets in a pipeline. Each of these circuits is operable to be bypassed based on an outermost header in the packet, or the selected one of the first operation or the second operation.

Abstract: One pre-configured code point from of a plurality of code points for a multiprotocol label switching (MPLS) traffic class represents a congestion marked code point associated with traffic congestion and the remaining code points represent not-congestion marked. Congestion associated with a label switching path can be determined based on a congestion notification from a router queue and on a pre-determined congestion indicator from a packet header.

Abstract: Power management of a routing table, which comprises a plurality of hash tables, is provided by supporting various power domain configurations. Each power domain configuration can be associated with a different number of power domains than other power domain configurations. Each power domain can add vertical capacity to the entire routing table by adding a fixed number of buckets to each of the hash tables. Efficient power management can be achieved by switching between a lower power domain configuration and a higher power domain configuration during runtime based on the dynamic load conditions.

Abstract: Common portions of forwarding routes in a routing table may be aggregated. A hash table may store common portions of forwarding routes in shared entries that include route aggregation maps. When a network packet is received, a shared entry may be identified that includes a common portion that is a longest matching portion of the destination address. The route aggregation map in the shared entry may then be evaluated to select a forwarding route described by the route aggregation map that matches a longest portion of the destination address subsequent to the common portion of the shared entry. The network packet may then be forwarded according to the selected forwarding route.

Abstract: Entropy in routing tables may be increase to perform packet forwarding. Hash tables that store forwarding routes may be divided into multiple hash table segments. Forwarding routes may be stored across the hash table segments in different route segments. When looking up route segments to identify a forwarding route for a destination address of a network packet, digest values generated for previous route segments may be used to determine hash key values to identify hash table entries in a different hash table segment. The forwarding route may be identified according to the hash table entries located based on the digest values for previous route segments.

Abstract: A method for purifying an antibody by cation exchange chromatography is described in which a high pH wash step is used to remove of contaminants prior to eluting the desired antibody using an elation buffer with increased conductivity.

Abstract: A method for purifying an antibody by cation exchange chromatography is described in which a high pH wash step is used to remove of contaminants prior to eluting the desired antibody using an elution buffer with increased conductivity.

Abstract: Disclosed are devices, systems, and methods for the use of memory including a data table configured to store a plurality of elements, wherein the plurality of elements are arranged into a plurality of buckets and each of the plurality of buckets comprising a plurality of entries. A first power domain can be associated with an entry of each bucket or with a first bucket. A second power domain can be associated with a second entry of each bucket or a second bucket. Processing logic can be configured to search for a particular value stored in an element of the plurality of elements by selecting buckets of the plurality of buckets and selecting at least one entry of each of the buckets. A programmable register can be used to select a powered state of the second power domain based on a configuration of the programmable register.

Abstract: Indirect destination determinations for forwarding tunnel network packets may be performed. Tunneling may be initiated for network packets received at a packet processor according to a forwarding route or other prior packet processing stage, such as an access control list stage. A corresponding entry in a tunnel lookup table may be accessed to determine the tunneling to be applied to the network packet, such as Internet Protocol tunneling or Multiprotocol Label Switching tunneling. The corresponding entry may also include a pointer to a next hop address table that stores a next hop address for the tunneled version of the network packet. The tunneled version of the network packet may be forwarded to the next hop address.

Abstract: A trained classifier to be used with a navigation algorithm for use with mobile robots to compute safe and efficient trajectories. An offline learning process is used to train a classifier for the navigation algorithm (or motion planner), and the classifier functions, after training is complete, to accurately detect intentions of humans within a space shared with the robot to block the robot from traveling along its current trajectory. At runtime, the trained classifier can be used with regression based on past trajectories of humans (or other tracked, mobile entities) to predict where the humans will move in the future and whether the humans are likely to be blockers. The planning algorithm or motion planner generates trajectories based on predictions of human behavior that allow the robot to navigate amongst crowds of people more safely and efficiently.

Abstract: A vacuum cleaner attachment is disclosed having a concave vacuum head with a swivel joint that permits swiveling of the vacuum head only within the plane of the vacuum head. The concave vacuum head can have a curvature that is similar to the curvature of a cylindrical surface to be vacuumed. Thus, while a user manipulates the conduit providing the air suction to the vacuum head, the concave surface can be supported and swiveled around the circumference of the cylindrical surface to be vacuumed, while the vacuum head is also moved along the length of the cylindrical surface. Throughout this movement of the concave vacuum head, the concave opening of the concave vacuum head can stay in closer proximity and conformity to the cylindrical surface than is possible using a fixed vacuum head with a flat opening, thereby making cleaning of the cylindrical surface more effective and efficient.

Abstract: A trained classifier to be used with a navigation algorithm for use with mobile robots to compute safe and efficient trajectories. An offline learning process is used to train a classifier for the navigation algorithm (or motion planner), and the classifier functions, after training is complete, to accurately detect intentions of humans within a space shared with the robot to block the robot from traveling along its current trajectory. At runtime, the trained classifier can be used with regression based on past trajectories of humans (or other tracked, mobile entities) to predict where the humans will move in the future and whether the humans are likely to be blockers. The planning algorithm or motion planner generates trajectories based on predictions of human behavior that allow the robot to navigate amongst crowds of people more safely and efficiently.