Abstract: In one embodiment, a method of verifying a programming operation of a programmable logic device includes storing in non-volatile memory within the programmable logic device configuration data and a pre-calculated code value based on the configuration data. The method further includes transferring the configuration data from non-volatile memory to configuration memory within the programmable logic device; calculating a code value based on the configuration data transferred from the non-volatile memory to the configuration memory; and comparing the calculated code value to the pre-calculated code value.

Abstract: In one embodiment, a method of converting an uncompressed bitstream into a compressed bitstream for a programmable logic device (PLD) is disclosed. The method includes embedding a first data frame from the uncompressed bitstream into the compressed bitstream, wherein the first data frame comprises a first data set; embedding a first instruction into the compressed bitstream to load the first data frame into a first row of configuration memory of the PLD at an address associated with the first data frame; identifying a second data frame in the uncompressed bitstream, wherein the second data frame comprises the first data set; and embedding a second instruction into the compressed bitstream to load the first data frame into a second row of the configuration memory at an address associated with the second data frame.

Abstract: In one embodiment of the invention, a programmable logic device includes configuration memory and a controller. The controller can read a first bitstream from a first memory block of non-volatile memory and detect whether the first bitstream contains a valid preamble as the first bitstream is read from the non-volatile memory and before configuration data in the first bitstream is programmed into the volatile configuration memory. If a valid preamble is detected in the first bitstream, the controller programs the configuration memory with configuration data in the first bitstream. If a valid preamble is not detected in the first bitstream, the controller reads a second bitstream from a second memory block of the non-volatile memory.

Abstract: A method of recovering from a soft error within configuration data stored in a configured programmable logic device. The method includes repeatedly processing the configuration data stored within configuration memory of the device using an error-detection algorithm to generate a checksum. The generated checksum is compared with a previously generated checksum to detect if a soft error exists in the configuration data. If a soft error is detected, the programmable logic device initiates a reconfiguration of the configuration memory. The configuration memory is then reconfigured with the configuration data while preventing the programmable logic device from responding to the reconfiguration as though the reconfiguration was an initial configuration of the device. An embodiment of a programmable logic device designed for practicing the method is also disclosed.

Abstract: A vertical axis wind turbine has a stationary circular core and a rotor rotatably supported about the stationary core. The rotor has a radially extending rotor arm with a wind engaging blade locate at its distal end. The blade has at least two straight blade sections of which at least one blade section is inclined obliquely at a first angle.

Abstract: Various techniques are provided to compress and decompress configuration data for use with programmable logic devices (PLDs). In one example, a method includes embedding a first data frame comprising a data set from an uncompressed bitstream into a compressed bitstream. The method also includes embedding a first instruction to instruct a PLD to load the first data frame into a data shift register, embedding a second instruction to instruct the PLD to load a first address associated with the first data frame into an address shift register, and embedding a third instruction to instruct the PLD to load the first data frame from the data shift register into a first row of a configuration memory corresponding to the first address. The method further includes identifying a second data frame comprising the data set in the uncompressed bitstream, and embedding fourth and fifth instructions in place of the second data frame.

Abstract: In accordance with an embodiment of the present invention, a programmable logic device includes configuration memory to store configuration data to configure the programmable logic device, and a non-volatile memory to store configuration data for transfer to the configuration memory to configure the programmable logic device. The non-volatile memory also stores a first code value based on the configuration data stored in the non-volatile memory. A code block calculates a second code value based on the configuration data transferred to the configuration memory. A comparator compares the first code value to the second code value to verify that the configuration data was not corrupted during the transfer from the non-volatile memory to the configuration memory.

Abstract: Various techniques are disclosed herein to provide an improved approach to the loading of configuration data into configuration memory of programmable logic devices. For example, in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention a method of configuring a programmable logic device includes reading a first bitstream from a first memory block of an external memory device. The first bitstream is checked for errors and a second bitstream is read from a second memory block of the external memory device if an error is detected. Configuration memory of the programmable logic device is programmed with configuration data provided in one of the first bitstream and the second bitstream.

Abstract: In one embodiment, a programmable logic device for recovery from soft error upsets (SEUs) includes: a configuration memory operable to store configuration data; a configuration engine operable to configure the configuration memory; an error detection circuit operable to determine if the stored configuration data in the configuration memory has an error; and a configuration reset circuit operable to trigger the configuration engine to reconfigure the configuration memory if the error detection circuit detects the error.

Abstract: In one embodiment, a data decompression circuit for a data stream having a repeated data word is provided. The data stream is compressed into a series of data frames such that the repeated data word is removed from the series of data frames and such that each data frame corresponds to a header. The circuit includes a decompression engine configured to decompress each data frame into a corresponding decompressed data frame, the decompression engine being further configured to decode each header to identify whether word locations in the corresponding decompressed data frame should be filled with the repeated data word.

Abstract: A wind deflector for a wind turbine has a vertical wind deflecting surface movable in a circular path about the wind turbine for facing a prevailing wind direction.

Abstract: A wind turbine structure has a vertical core that supports multiple stages of rotor support frames and power generating units, each rotor support frame comprising an annular carousel rotatably located about the core and having at least two radially extending arms, and at least one pair of propeller-type rotors located respectively at distal ends of the radially extending arms. Each rotor support frame can rotate around the vertical core independently. Each rotor support frame further comprises a wind deflector.

Abstract: A shaftless vertical axis wind turbine has a stationary hollow core having inner and outer circular walls with a void between the inner and outer walls. A rotor is rotatably supported about the core and has a plurality of radially extending rotor arms each having a wind engaging rotor blade located at a distal end.

Abstract: In one embodiment, a programmable logic device is provided that includes a memory having memory cells, each memory cell operable to store either a configuration bit or a RAM bit; a masking circuit operable to mask a RAM bit by providing a masking value for the masked RAM bit; an error detection circuit operable to process the configuration bits during operation of the programmable logic device using an error detection algorithm, the error detection circuit calculating a signature that includes configuration bits and masking values; and a comparator operable to compare the signature calculated by the error detection circuit with a correct signature.

Abstract: In one embodiment, a programmable logic device is provided that includes a memory having memory cells, each memory cell operable to store either a configuration bit or a RAM bit; a masking circuit operable to mask a RAM bit by providing a masking value for the masked RAM bit; an error detection circuit operable to process the configuration bits during operation of the programmable logic device using an error detection algorithm, the error detection circuit calculating a signature that includes configuration bits and masking values; and a comparator operable to compare the signature calculated by the error detection circuit with a correct signature.

Abstract: The configuration architecture for a programmable device, such as an FPGA, includes one or more memory devices connected directly to the FPGA such that the FPGA can be configured with configuration data stored in the memory devices without transmitting the configuration data via a controller connected between any of the memory devices and the FPGA. In one embodiment, the FPGA has an Serial Peripheral Interface (SPI) that is connected to the SPI interface of each of one or more SPI serial flash PROMs operating as boot PROMs. When there are two or more boot PROMs, each PROM stores a portion of the FPGA's configuration data and the FPGA interleaves the data from multiple boot PROMs to generate a serial configuration data bitstream. The present invention enables boot PROMs having different sizes and/or storing different amounts of configuration data to be simultaneously connected to an FPGA to support efficient configuration architectures.

Abstract: The configuration architecture for a programmable device, such as an FPGA, includes one or more memory devices connected directly to the FPGA such that the FPGA can be configured with configuration data stored in the memory devices without transmitting the configuration data via a controller connected between any of the memory devices and the FPGA. In one embodiment, the FPGA has an Serial Peripheral Interface (SPI) that is connected to the SPI interface of each of one or more SPI serial flash PROMs operating as boot PROMs. When there are two or more boot PROMs, each PROM stores a portion of the FPGA's configuration data and the FPGA interleaves the data from multiple boot PROMs to generate a serial configuration data bitstream. The present invention enables boot PROMs having different sizes and/or storing different amounts of configuration data to be simultaneously connected to an FPGA to support efficient configuration architectures.

Abstract: An automated system for interfacing a user, such as a project engineer a legal representative of a legal department, and a customer in the generation of legal agreements within a project development process. In some embodiments, the automated system generates reports to assist in the management of legal agreements.

Abstract: A narrowly defined range of zinc silicate glass compositions is found to produce High Energy Beam Sensitive-glass (HEBS-glass) that possesses the essential properties of a true gray level mask which is necessary for the fabrication of general three dimensional microstructures with one optical exposure in a conventional photolithographic process. The essential properties are (1) A mask pattern or image is grainiless even when observed under optical microscope at 1000× or at higher magnifications. (2) The HEBS-glass is insensitive and/or inert to photons in the spectral ranges employed in photolithographic processes, and is also insensitive and/or inert to visible spectral range of light so that a HEBS-glass mask blank and a HEBS-glass mask are permanently stable under room lighting conditions. (3) The HEBS-glass is sufficiently sensitive to electron beam exposure, so that the cost of making a mask using an e-beam writer is affordable for many applications.

Abstract: A narrowly defined range of zinc silicate glass compositions is found to produce High Energy Beam Sensitive-glass (HEBS-glass) that possesses the essential properties of a true gray level mask which is necessary for the fabrication of general three dimensional microstructures with one optical exposure in a conventional photolithographic process. The essential properties are (1) A mask pattern or image is grainiless even when observed under optical microscope at 1000× or at higher magnifications. (2) The HEBS-glass is insensitive and/or inert to photons in the spectral ranges employed in photolithographic processes, and is also insensitive and/or inert to visible spectral range of light so that a HEBS-glass mask blank and a HEBS-glass mask are permanently stable under room lighting conditions. (3) The HEBS-glass is sufficiently sensitive to electron beam exposure, so that the cost of making a mask using an e-beam writer is affordable for many applications.