Abstract: Aspects of the present disclosure relate to systems and methods for injection and retraction of a fluid. The system includes a switch configured to be activated, wherein activation of the switch activates an electrical control system. The system further includes a linear actuator that interfaces with the electrical control system. The electrical control system causes the linear actuator to depress a plunger, keep the plunger depressed for a predetermined time, and retract the plunger after the predetermined time. The system further includes a fluid reservoir engageable with the plunger, wherein the depression of the plunger causes fluid to be injected from the fluid reservoir into a connector and the retraction of the plunger causes fluid to be retracted into the fluid reservoir and out of the connector.

Abstract: Techniques are described herein for fleet electrification management. A method includes determining a composition of electric vehicles (EVs) to replace at least a portion of non-electric vehicles in a vehicle fleet while satisfying travel requirements of the vehicle fleet. The method includes estimating an energy demand of the composition of EVs. The method includes determining an electric vehicle supply equipment (EVSE) charging infrastructure to meet the estimated energy demand. The method includes providing one or more recommendations including at least one of: a fleet electrification recommendation for transitioning the vehicle fleet into the composition of EVs, or a charging infrastructure recommendation for implementing the EVSE charging infrastructure.

Abstract: Aspects of the present disclosure relate to systems and methods for injection and retraction of a fluid. The system includes a switch configured to be activated, wherein activation of the switch activates an electrical control system. The system further includes a linear actuator that interfaces with the electrical control system. The electrical control system causes the linear actuator to depress a plunger, keep the plunger depressed for a predetermined time, and retract the plunger after the predetermined time. The system further includes a fluid reservoir engageable with the plunger, wherein the depression of the plunger causes fluid to be injected from the fluid reservoir into a connector and the retraction of the plunger causes fluid to be retracted into the fluid reservoir and out of the connector.

Abstract: An approach is provided for generating an electric vehicle score (EVScore), a rating scale representing, for a user, a future estimated ease of ownership and operation of an EV within a defined geographic region. The method includes receiving a plurality of regional engine inputs pertaining to a defined geographic region, and one or more user inputs pertaining to the user. The method also includes processing, via a predictive model, the plurality of regional engine inputs and the one or more user inputs to generate one or more intermediate scores for the defined geographic region. The method also includes receiving a plurality of projected inputs pertaining to projected ownership and operation costs and benefits of electric vehicles (EVs) for the defined geographic region. The method also includes processing, via a trained machine learning model, the plurality of projected inputs and the one or more intermediate scores to generate the EVS core.

Abstract: An approach is provided for generating an electric vehicle score (EVScore), a rating scale representing, for a user, a future estimated ease of ownership and operation of an EV within a defined geographic region. The method includes receiving a plurality of regional engine inputs pertaining to a defined geographic region, and one or more user inputs pertaining to the user. The method also includes processing, via a predictive model, the plurality of regional engine inputs and the one or more user inputs to generate one or more intermediate scores for the defined geographic region. The method also includes receiving a plurality of projected inputs pertaining to projected ownership and operation costs and benefits of electric vehicles (EVs) for the defined geographic region. The method also includes processing, via a trained machine learning model, the plurality of projected inputs and the one or more intermediate scores to generate the EVS core.

Abstract: Techniques are described herein for fleet electrification management. A method includes determining a composition of electric vehicles (EVs) to replace at least a portion of non-electric vehicles in a vehicle fleet while satisfying travel requirements of the vehicle fleet. The method includes estimating an energy demand of the composition of EVs. The method includes determining an electric vehicle supply equipment (EVSE) charging infrastructure to meet the estimated energy demand. The method includes providing one or more recommendations including at least one of: a fleet electrification recommendation for transitioning the vehicle fleet into the composition of EVs, or a charging infrastructure recommendation for implementing the EVSE charging infrastructure.

Abstract: Techniques are described herein for fleet electrification management. A method includes determining a composition of electric vehicles (EVs) to replace at least a portion of non-electric vehicles in a vehicle fleet while satisfying travel requirements of the vehicle fleet. The method includes estimating an energy demand of the composition of EVs. The method includes determining an electric vehicle supply equipment (EVSE) charging infrastructure to meet the estimated energy demand. The method includes providing one or more recommendations including at least one of: a fleet electrification recommendation for transitioning the vehicle fleet into the composition of EVs, or a charging infrastructure recommendation for implementing the EVSE charging infrastructure.

Abstract: Fluid filtration devices that include nylon membranes are provided according to the present disclosure that maintain thorough wetting of a membrane through the end cap bonding process. The fluid filtration device typically includes a pleated microporous nylon filter media and polypropylene end caps. The pleated microporous filter media is treated with hydrophilic polymeric surface treatments at the ends thereof prior to contact with molten polypropylene end caps, thereby maintaining the ability to integrity test the filtration device in water. Exemplary polymeric surface treatments include solutions and dispersions of polyvinyl alcohol, polyethyleneimine, a combination of 1-4 butanediol diglycidyl ether and ethylene amine, and a quaternary amine polyepichlorohydrin.

Abstract: Phase inversion microporous membranes including at least two different pore size regions are provided, wherein two membrane sheets are placed, back-to-back, such that the qualifying pore zones are positioned internally within the structure. Exemplary membranes according to the present disclosure provide excellent thermal stability and retention characteristics. Methods for fabricating and using the disclosed membrane structures are also provided according to the present disclosure.