Abstract: Metal-organic frameworks are synthesized from either a high concentration synthesis where reaction solutions comprising increased reagent concentrations, or suspensions of reagents which exceed their solubility limit in the reaction solution in a high solids synthesis. In both approaches, the solubility of reagent is maximized by inclusion of a buffer, fixing a nominal pH of the reaction solution to allow metal-organic framework formation. These methods improve yields and scale up of metal-organic frameworks.

Abstract: Provided herein are adsorption materials comprising a metal-organic framework comprising metal ions of metals, a plurality of organic linkers and one or more modulator where each modulator forms a localized defect. Each organic linker in the plurality of organic linkers creates a bridge between metal ions. Each modulator is connected to only one metal chain. The adsorption material further comprises one or more ligands. Each ligand in the plurality of ligands can be an amine or other Lewis base (electron donor) appended to a metal ion of the metal-organic framework.

Abstract: Provided herein are adsorption materials comprising a mixed-metal mixed-organic framework comprising metal ions of two or more distinct metals and a plurality of organic linkers. Each organic linker in the plurality of organic linkers is connected to a metal ion. The adsorption material further comprises a plurality of ligands. In an aspect, each respective ligand in the plurality of ligands is an amine or other Lewis base (electron donor) appended to a metal ion in the two of more distinct elements of the mixed-metal organic framework to provide a mixed-metal mixed-organic framework system.

Abstract: Provided herein are methods of novel methods of synthesizing a metal-organic framework system by vapor-phase appending of a plurality of ligands appended to a metal-organic framework. Also, provided are methods of recycling metal-organic framework systems by detaching the ligand and re-appending the same ligand or appending a different ligand to the metal-organic framework to provide a recycled or repurposed metal-organic framework system.

Abstract: Methods are provided for synthesizing metal-organic framework compositions using synthesis mixtures with elevated solids content and/or elevated kinematic viscosity. The methods can allow for formation of MOF-274 metal-organic framework compositions, such as EMM-67 (a mixed-metal MOF-274 metal-organic composition). More generally, the methods can allow for formation of MOF structures that include multi-ring disalicylate organic linkers using synthesis mixtures that contain a reduced or minimized amount of solvent, such as down to having substantially no solvent in the synthesis mixture.

Abstract: Methods are provided for synthesizing metal organic framework compositions in an aqueous environment and/or in a mixed alcohol/water solvent. The methods can allow for formation of MOF-274 metal organic framework compositions, such as EMM-67 (a mixed metal MOF-274 metal organic framework composition). More generally, the methods can allow for formation of MOF structures that include disalicylate linkers in an aqueous environment and/or in a mixed alcohol/water solvent.

Abstract: Methods are provided for appending amines to metal organic framework (MOF) compositions. In some aspects, the methods can allow for appending of amines in the solution or synthesis solution used for synthesizing a MOF. In such aspects, an amine-appended MOF can be formed without having to first separate and dry the underlying non-amine-appended MOF composition. In other aspects, amines can be appended to an existing MOF composition by exposing the MOF to a suitable amine in a protic solvent, such as water or an alcohol.

Abstract: Metal-organic frameworks are synthesized from either a high concentration synthesis where reaction solutions comprising increased reagent concentrations, or suspensions of reagents which exceed their solubility limit in the reaction solution in a high solids synthesis. In both approaches, the solubility of reagent is maximized by inclusion of a buffer, fixing a nominal pH of the reaction solution to allow metal-organic framework formation. These methods improve yields and scale up of metal-organic frameworks.

Abstract: Provided herein are adsorption materials comprising a metal-organic framework comprising metal ions of metals, a plurality of organic linkers and one or more modulator where each modulator forms a localized defect. Each organic linker in the plurality of organic linkers creates a bridge between metal ions. Each modulator is connected to only one metal chain. The adsorption material further comprises one or more ligands. Each ligand in the plurality of ligands can be an amine or other Lewis base (electron donor) appended to a metal ion of the metal-organic framework.

Abstract: Provided herein are adsorption materials comprising a mixed-metal mixed-organic framework comprising metal ions of two or more distinct metals and a plurality of organic linkers. Each organic linker in the plurality of organic linkers is connected to a metal ion. The adsorption material further comprises a plurality of ligands. In an aspect, each respective ligand in the plurality of ligands is an amine or other Lewis base (electron donor) appended to a metal ion in the two of more distinct elements of the mixed-metal organic framework to provide a mixed-metal mixed-organic framework system.

Abstract: Provided herein are methods of novel methods of synthesizing a metal-organic framework system by vapor-phase appending of a plurality of ligands appended to a metal-organic framework. Also, provided are methods of recycling metal-organic framework systems by detaching the ligand and re-appending the same ligand or appending a different ligand to the metal-organic framework to provide a recycled or repurposed metal-organic framework system.

Abstract: A method suitable for use in investigating synthesis conditions for metal-organic frameworks may include: identifying synthesis conditions that includes a first solvent system by which a metal-organic framework is successfully synthesized; and synthesizing the metal-organic framework under substantially the same synthesis conditions but with a second solvent system (or a comparable solvent system) having a difference (Ra) between Hansen solubility parameters of 5 MPa0.5 or less as compared to the first solvent system.