Abstract: Detecting dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) in a liquid by directing liquid through a conduit, acidifying a portion of the liquid to a pH at least as low as 4.0 to form an acidified liquid portion, and exposing a first surface of a membrane to the acidified liquid portion, the membrane being permeable to CO2 gas but impermeable to the liquid. A second surface of the membrane is exposed to a first headspace to collect CO2 passed through the membrane, and the amount of CO2 in the headspace is quantified by a pressure sensor to obtain a sensed CO2 pressure. The amount of DIC in the liquid is determined based on the sensed CO2 pressure.

Abstract: An apparatus and method of use are provided; the apparatus having at least a degasser, a hollow core fiber HCF, an optical mechanism, a detector, and circuitry. The degasser enables gasses to permeate out of a liquid into the degasser interior. The propagator establishes a low-pressure area that helps to pull the gas from the degasser interior into the HCF interior, where the optical mechanism delivers electromagnetic radiation EMR that interacts with the gas. The detector determines EMR absorption, producing output signals which are sent to the circuitry. Circuitry controls the optical mechanism and analyzes the output signals to quantify the concentration of gas in the HCF and in the liquid.

Abstract: A system for the identification of sample types and method of using same. The system and method including an optical mechanism, and a detector. The system accepts a sample, directs input light from the optical mechanism onto that sample, producing output light that is received by the detector. The detector produces a sample-derived spectrum for classification. The present disclosure provides for a classification method to classify spectrum into one of many sample types, preferably plastic types.

Abstract: An apparatus and method of use are provided; the apparatus having at least a degasser, a hollow core fiber HCF, an optical mechanism, a detector, and circuitry. The degasser enables gasses to permeate out of a liquid into the degasser interior. The propagator establishes a low-pressure area that helps to pull the gas from the degasser interior into the HCF interior, where the optical mechanism delivers electromagnetic radiation EMR that interacts with the gas. The detector determines EMR absorption, producing output signals which are sent to the circuitry. Circuitry controls the optical mechanism and analyzes the output signals to quantify the concentration of gas in the HCF and in the liquid.