Abstract: A method and apparatus for assessing the function of deep joint stabilizing muscles. Superficial muscles are monitored using an EMG (3) during performance of an activity known to require recruitment, primarily, of deep stabilizing muscles when performed correctly. If the deep muscle functions adequately, there is little activity of the superficial muscles. Conversely, if the deep muscle function is inadequate, the superficial muscle activity is increased. Monitoring of the superficial muscles may be combined with monitoring of the deep joint stabilizing muscle using ultrasound imaging (12) and/or pressure biofeedback. The apparatus includes an EMG unit (3) ultrasound unit, pressure biofeedback unit (16) and vitalograph (9), in combination with a computer (5) programmed to analyze data from them and given an indication of function.

Abstract: A diagnostic apparatus for diagnosis of lower back pain (LBP) caused by neuromuscular dysfunction, said diagnostic apparatus comprising:a monitoring means for monitoring an anticipatory muscle signal resulting from one or more electrodes associated with an anticipatory muscle and a prime mover muscle signal resulting from one or more electrodes associated with at least one prime mover muscle associated with a limb; anda processing means for detecting a variation in the time of onset of the anticipatory muscle signal relative to the time of onset of the prime mover muscle signal for providing diagnosis of presence or absence of LBP.

Abstract: A pocket having an opening at the top for the flower pot consists of an inner layer of flexible waterproof material, and an outer layer of a flexible material, the outer layer in the area of the pocket being in the form of the trunk of an animal, the outer layer extending in the form of a body extremity from the pocket area, and being filled with a cushioning material so that it is a semi rigid cushioned protuberance. A removable item of apparel may be attached to the protuberance.