Abstract: A lubricating oil composition, a method of reducing low-speed pre-ignition (LSPI) in a direct-injected spark-ignited internal combustion engine, and a use of a lubricant composition to reduce LSPI events in such an engine. Preferably, the composition comprises a detergent package comprising a borated calcium detergent, wherein the detergent package provides a calcium content in the composition of at least 0.12 mass %, based on the total mass of the composition, and wherein the borated calcium detergent provides a boron content in the composition of at least 100 ppmm, based on the total mass of the composition. Optionally, the composition comprises a first detergent comprising a calcium detergent, and a second detergent comprising a borated calcium detergent.

Abstract: A lubricating oil composition, a method of reducing low-speed pre-ignition (LSPI) in a direct-injected spark-ignited internal combustion engine, and a use of a lubricant composition to reduce LSPI events in such an engine. Preferably, the composition comprises a detergent package comprising a borated calcium detergent, wherein the detergent package provides a calcium content in the composition of at least 0.12 mass %, based on the total mass of the composition, and wherein the borated calcium detergent provides a boron content in the composition of at least 100 ppmm, based on the total mass of the composition. Optionally, the composition comprises a first detergent comprising a calcium detergent, and a second detergent comprising a borated calcium detergent.

Abstract: A lubricating oil composition, a method of reducing low-speed pre-ignition (LSPI) in a direct-injected spark-ignited internal combustion engine, and a use of a lubricant composition to reduce UPI events in such an engine. Preferably, the composition comprises a detergent package comprising a borated calcium detergent, wherein the detergent package provides a calcium content in the composition of at least 0.12 mass %, based on the total mass of the composition, and wherein the borated calcium detergent provides a boron content in the composition of at least 100 ppmm, based on the total mass of the composition. Optionally, the composition comprises a first detergent comprising a calcium detergent, and a second detergent comprising a borated calcium detergent.

Abstract: Novel dendrimeric peptide compounds are disclosed that have a formula represented by the following formula I: The compounds demonstrate antimicrobial activity and may be prepared as pharmaceutical compositions and used for the prevention and treatment of a variety of conditions in mammals including humans where microbial invasion is involved. The present peptides are particularly valuable as their effect is rapid, broad in spectrum and mostly indifferent to resistance provoked by standard antibiotics.

Abstract: Novel dendrimeric peptide compounds are disclosed that have a formula represented by the following formula I: The compounds demonstrate antimicrobial activity and may be prepared as pharmaceutical compositions and used for the prevention and treatment of a variety of conditions in mammals including humans where microbial invasion is involved. The present peptides are particularly valuable as their effect is rapid, broad in spectrum and mostly indifferent to resistance provoked by standard antibiotics.

Abstract: Novel dendrimeric peptide compounds are disclosed that have a formula represented by the following formula I: The compounds demonstrate antimicrobial activity and may be prepared as pharmaceutical compositions and used for the prevention and treatment of a variety of conditions in mammals including humans where microbial invasion is involved. The present peptides are particularly valuable as their effect is rapid, broad in spectrum and mostly indifferent to resistance provoked by standard antibiotics.

Abstract: Novel dendrimeric peptide compounds are disclosed that have a formula represented by the following formula I: The compounds demonstrate antimicrobial activity and may be prepared as pharmaceutical compositions and used for the prevention and treatment of a variety of conditions in mammals including humans where microbial invasion is involved. The present peptides are particularly valuable as their effect is rapid, broad in spectrum and mostly indifferent to resistance provoked by standard antibiotics.

Abstract: Novel dendrimeric peptide compounds are disclosed that have a formula represented by the following formula I: The compounds demonstrate antimicrobial activity and may be prepared as pharmaceutical compositions and used for the prevention and treatment of a variety of conditions in mammals including humans where microbial invasion is involved. The present peptides are particularly valuable as their effect is rapid, broad in spectrum and mostly indifferent to resistance provoked by standard antibiotics.