Abstract: A double-shell helmet is disclosed. The double-shell helmet includes an outer shell, an impact absorbing material layer affixed to the outer shell on a first side of the impact absorbing material layer, an inner shell affixed to the impact absorbing material layer on a second side of the impact absorbing material layer opposite the first side of the impact absorbing material layer, and a foam layer affixed to the inner shell.

Abstract: Systems and methods for detecting the effects of concussion are disclosed. In various embodiments, fMRI or other live analysis technique captures data regarding the subject's brain activity while he or she is performing a task that exercises one or more particular functional centers. In some embodiments, post-collision activity is compared to baseline data, and the diagnosis operates as a function of the comparison. in other embodiments, post-collision activity is analyzed, such as by partitioning the activity data into regions of interest and calculating activity for one particular region in comparison with certain other, perhaps adjacent, regions.