Abstract: A process for the removal of azide ions from aqueous liquids at alkaline pH by alkali-soluble metals and catalyst or by hydrogen and catalyst.

Abstract: A process for the removal of azide ions from aqueous liquids at alkaline pH by alkali-soluble metals and catalyst or by hydrogen and catalyst.

Abstract: The invention relates to a new process for the preparation of a supported metal catalyst containing at least one metal belonging to Group A and optionally at least one metal belonging to Group B, wherein Group A encompasses the metals palladium, rhodium, ruthenium, platinum, iridium, osmium, silver, gold and cadmium and Group B encompasses the metals zinc, mercury, germanium, tin, antimony and lead. According to the invention, the metal(s) is (are) applied onto the support in the presence of at least one compound of the general formula (I), ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1, R.sub.2, R.sub.3 and R.sub.4 each stands for a straight-chained or branched C.sub.1-20 alkyl group, a C.sub.1-4 hydroxyalkyl group or a phenyl-(C.sub.1-4 alkyl) group optionally having additional substituents, preferably C.sub.1-4 alkyl groups, on the phenyl ring, andX is hydroxy group or the residue of an organic or mineral acid.According to the invention, highly active catalysts can be prepared by an easy and economical process.

Abstract: The invention relates to a new process for the selective hydroxymethylation of substituted ortho- or paranitrotoluenes of the general formula (I) ##STR1## in order to prepare nitrophenylalkanols of the general formula (II) ##STR2## In the above formulae the nitro group is attached to the benzene ring in ortho or para position related to the methyl group or the hydroxyalkyl side chain, respectively, X stands for hydrogen, fluorine or an alkyl, alkoxy or nitro group, and n is 1, 2 or 3.According to the process of the invention the starting substance is hydroxymethylated with an excess of formaldehyde at a temperature above room temperature in dimethyl formamide and in the presence of a strong base. The reaction is performed in dimethyl formamide containing 0.1 to 1% by weight of water, and the reaction is directed to the formation of the required end-product by properly adjusting the temperature and the amount of formaldehyde and the base with respect to the starting compound of the general formula (I).

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for the preparation of aldehydes by hydrogenating carboxylic chlorides of the general formula RCOCl, wherein R stands for alkyl, isoalkyl, substituted alkyl, cycloalkyl, substituted cycloalkyl, aromatic, heterocyclic or substituted heterocyclic group, the substituents being alkyl, halogen, hydroxy, alkoxy, carboxyl, carbonyl and nitro groups wherein the hydrogenation is carried out in the presence of an alloy catalyst comprising at least one element of the platinum group and at least one element of the groups IB and IIB of the periodic system.The invention renders possible the production of aldehydes in a fair yield and at an adequate selectivity.

Abstract: The invention relates to novel selective hydrogenating catalysts comprising at least one platinum group component and at least one of a group IB or group IIB component. These catalysts are prepared by depositing and reducing an ion, complex or hydroxide of at least one metal belonging to the platinum group together with an ion, complex or hydroxide of at least one metal belonging to either of groups IB and IIB of the Periodic System.

Abstract: The invention relates to a novel method of preparing catalysts containing the oxides and/or oxyhydrates of aluminum, silicon, magnesium or zinc either alone or in combination with each other, or catalysts containing a metal or a metal oxide as active component and an above-identified oxide and/or oxyhydrate or a mixture thereof as support. According to the invention catalysts with excellent activities can be prepared with a simple and economic operation.One proceeds, in accordance with the invention, as follows: powdered metallic aluminum, silicon, magnesium or zinc or a fused mixture thereof, or, when a supported catalyst is to be prepared, a fused mixture also containing one or more catalytically active metals, is admixed with an alkali metal hydroxide or carbonate or an alkaline earth metal hydroxide, said alkaline agent being used in an amount of 0.