Abstract: A method of deoxygenation of tall oil as well as methods for the production of aliphatic hydrocarbons and polymerizable monomers from tall oil. Sulphurous crude tall oil together with hydrogen gas is fed into a reactor comprising a catalyst bed. The oil is catalytically deoxygenated by hydrogen in the bed by use of a sulfided metal catalyst, e.g. a NiMoS catalyst. The flow exiting the reactor is cooled down and a hydrocarbon-bearing liquid phase is separated from a gas phase, followed by subjecting the liquid phase to distillation for removal of useless aromatic hydrocarbons and then to steam cracking to form a product containing olefins such as ethylene or propylene. By regulation of the deoxygenation temperature to be at least 270° C. but less than 360° C. the yield is rich in linear and cyclic aliphates that usefully turn to olefins in the steam cracking, while formation of napthalenes is reduced.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method and an arrangement for separation and recovery of at least one carboxylic acid and furfural from a dilute aqueous mixture thereof. In the method of the present invention a dilute aqueous mixture comprising at least one carboxylic acid and furfural is extracted with methyltetrahydrofurane, and at least one carboxylic acid and furfural are recovered. The arrangement of the present invention comprises an extraction unit 302 for carrying out extraction of at least one carboxylic acid and furfural from dilute aqueous mixture with methyltetrahydrofuran, connected to distillation unit 307 for carrying out distillation of the extract 305 from the extraction unit 302, and connected to acids distillation unit 320 for carrying out distillation of the bottom stream 308 from the distillation unit 307 to separate at least one carboxylic acid and furfural.

Abstract: A method of deoxygenation of tall oil as well as methods for the production of aliphatic hydrocarbons and polymerizable monomers from tall oil. Sulphurous crude tall oil together with hydrogen gas is fed into a reactor comprising a catalyst bed. The oil is catalytically deoxygenated by hydrogen in the bed by use of a sulfided metal catalyst, e.g. a NiMoS catalyst. The flow exiting the reactor is cooled down and a hydrocarbon-bearing liquid phase is separated from a gas phase, followed by subjecting the liquid phase to distillation for removal of useless aromatic hydrocarbons and then to steam cracking to form a product containing olefins such as ethylene or propylene. By regulation of the deoxygenation temperature to be at least 270° C. but less than 360° C. the yield is rich in linear and cyclic aliphates that usefully turn to olefins in the steam cracking, while formation of napthalenes is reduced.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method and an arrangement for separation and recovery of at least one carboxylic acid and furfural from a dilute aqueous mixture thereof. In the method of the present invention a dilute aqueous mixture comprising at least one carboxylic acid and furfural is extracted with methyltetrahydrofurane, and at least one carboxylic acid and furfural are recovered. The arrangement of the present invention comprises an extraction unit 302 for carrying out extraction of at least one carboxylic acid and furfural from dilute aqueous mixture with methyltetrahydrofuran, connected to distillation unit 307 for carrying out distillation of the extract 305 from the extraction unit 302, and connected to acids distillation unit 320 for carrying out distillation of the bottom stream 308 from the distillation unit 307 to separate at least one carboxylic acid and furfural.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method of continuously separating pyridine or pyridine derivatives from aqueous solutions by extraction, wherein supercritical fluid is employed to extract the pyridine material from liquid media. The method of the invention, in particular, extracts pyridine or pyridine derivatives from aqueous solutions with pressurized carbon dioxide, which is used under pressure, or in the liquid state, or in the near critical state or in the supercritical state. The operating system is a continuously operating extraction system, so that a part, or all, of the pyridine and/or pyridine derivatives are transferred from the aqueous phase to the carbon dioxide phase, and thereafter the aqueous phase and carbon dioxide phase are separated from each other; and the pyridine and/or pyridine derivatives are separated from carbon dioxide; and the extract containing pyridine and/or pyridine derivatives is thereby obtained.

Abstract: A method for the hydrogenation of aromatic nitrocompounds to aromatic amines, which comprises mixing an aromatic nitrocompound, hydrogen gas and a solvent together under elevated pressure and temperature to form a homogenous mixture in a supercritical or near-critical state and bringing the resulting homogenous mixture into contact with a catalyst to form the aromatic amine product.