Abstract: Methods for preparing electrolyte salts for alkaline earth metal-ion batteries (e.g., calcium and magnesium ion batteries) are described. The electrolyte salts comprise alkaline earth metal (e.g., Mg or Ca) salts of 3,4-dicyano-2-trifluoromethylimidazole (TDI). The methods comprise contacting TDI with an alkaline earth metal bis(trifluoroacetate) salt in trifluoroacetic acid.

Abstract: The present invention provides a non-aqueous redox flow battery comprising a negative electrode immersed in a non-aqueous liquid negative electrolyte, a positive electrode immersed in a non-aqueous liquid positive electrolyte, and a cation-permeable separator (e.g., a porous membrane, film, sheet, or panel) between the negative electrolyte from the positive electrolyte. During charging and discharging, the electrolytes are circulated over their respective electrodes. The electrolytes each comprise an electrolyte salt (e.g., a lithium or sodium salt), a transition-metal free redox reactant, and optionally an electrochemically stable organic solvent. The redox reactant of the positive electrolyte is a dialkoxybenzene compound, and the redox reactant of the negative electrolyte is a viologen compound or a dipyridyl ketone.

Abstract: A rechargeable magnesium ion electrochemical cell comprising an anode, a cathode, and a non-aqueous magnesium electrolyte disposed between the anode and the cathode is described herein. The cathode comprises a redox-active anthraquinone-based polymer comprising one or more of 1,4-polyanthraquinone or 2,6-polyanthraquinone. Both 2,6-polyanthraquinone and 1,4-polyanthraquinone can operate with 1.5-2.0 V with above 100 mAh/g capacities at a reasonable rate, higher than the state-of-the-art Mg—Mg6S8 battery. More than 1000 cycles with very small capacity loss can be realized.

Abstract: Methods for preparing electrolyte salts for alkaline earth metal-ion batteries (e.g., calcium and magnesium ion batteries) are described. The electrolyte salts comprise alkaline earth metal (e.g., Mg or Ca) salts of 3,4-dicyano-2-trifluoromethylimidazole (TDI). The methods comprise contacting TDI with an alkaline earth metal bis(trifluoroacetate) salt in trifluoroacetic acid.

Abstract: The present invention provides a non-aqueous redox flow battery comprising a negative electrode immersed in a non-aqueous liquid negative electrolyte, a positive electrode immersed in a non-aqueous liquid positive electrolyte, and a cation-permeable separator (e.g., a porous membrane, film, sheet, or panel) between the negative electrolyte from the positive electrolyte. During charging and discharging, the electrolytes are circulated over their respective electrodes. The electrolytes each comprise an electrolyte salt (e.g., a lithium or sodium salt), a transition-metal free redox reactant, and optionally an electrochemically stable organic solvent. The redox reactant of the positive electrolyte is a dialkoxybenzene compound, and the redox reactant of the negative electrolyte is a viologen compound or a dipyridyl ketone.

Abstract: Methods for preparing electrolyte salts for alkaline earth metal-ion batteries (e.g., calcium and magnesium ion batteries) are described. The electrolyte salts comprise alkaline earth metal (e.g., Mg or Ca) salts of bis(fluorosulfonyl)imide (FSI) and 3,4-dicyano-2-trifluoromethylimidazole (TDI). The methods comprise contacting FSI or TDI with an alkaline earth metal bis(trifluoroacetate) salt in trifluoroacetic acid.

Abstract: The present invention provides a non-aqueous redox flow battery comprising a negative electrode immersed in a non-aqueous liquid negative electrolyte, a positive electrode immersed in a non-aqueous liquid positive electrolyte, and a cation-permeable separator (e.g., a porous membrane, film, sheet, or panel) between the negative electrolyte from the positive electrolyte. During charging and discharging, the electrolytes are circulated over their respective electrodes. The electrolytes each comprise an electrolyte salt (e.g., a lithium or sodium salt), a transition-metal free redox reactant, and optionally an electrochemically stable organic solvent. Each redox reactant is selected from an organic compound comprising a conjugated unsaturated moiety, a boron cluster compound, and a combination thereof. The organic redox reactant of the positive electrolyte comprises a tetrafluorohydroquinone ether compound or a tetrafluorocatechol ether compound.

Abstract: A rechargeable magnesium ion electrochemical cell comprising an anode, a cathode, and a non-aqueous magnesium electrolyte disposed between the anode and the cathode is described herein. The cathode comprises a redox-active anthraquinone-based polymer comprising one or more of 1,4-polyanthraquinone or 2,6-polyanthraquinone. Both 2,6-polyanthraquinone and 1,4-polyanthraquinone can operate with 1.5-2.0 V with above 100 mAh/g capacities at a reasonable rate, higher than the state-of-the-art Mg—Mg6S8 battery. More than 1000 cycles with very small capacity loss can be realized.

Abstract: Methods for preparing electrolyte salts for alkaline earth metal-ion batteries (e.g., calcium and magnesium ion batteries) are described. The electrolyte salts comprise alkaline earth metal (e.g., Mg or Ca) salts of bis(fluorosulfonyl)imide (FSI) and 3,4-dicyano-2-trifluoromethylimidazole (TDI). The methods comprise contacting FSI or TDI with an alkaline earth metal bis(trifluoroacetate) salt in trifluoroacetic acid.

Abstract: An electrolyte includes compounds of formula M1Xn and M2Zm; and a solvent wherein M1 is Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba, Sc, Ti, Al, or Zn; M2 is Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba, Sc, Ti, Al, or Zn; X is a group forming a covalent bond with M1; Z is a halogen or pseudo-halogen; n is 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, or 6; and m is 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, or 6.

Abstract: An electrolyte includes compounds of formula M1Xn and M2Zm; and a solvent wherein M1 is Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba, Sc, Ti, Al, or Zn; M2 is Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba, Sc, Ti, Al, or Zn; X is a group forming a covalent bond with M1; Z is a halogen or pseudo-halogen; n is 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, or 6; and m is 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, or 6.

Abstract: The present invention provides a non-aqueous redox flow battery comprising a negative electrode immersed in a non-aqueous liquid negative electrolyte, a positive electrode immersed in a non-aqueous liquid positive electrolyte, and a cation-permeable separator (e.g., a porous membrane, film, sheet, or panel) between the negative electrolyte from the positive electrolyte. During charging and discharging, the electrolytes are circulated over their respective electrodes. The electrolytes each comprise an electrolyte salt (e.g., a lithium or sodium salt), a transition-metal free redox reactant, and optionally an electrochemically stable organic solvent. Each redox reactant is selected from an organic compound comprising a conjugated unsaturated moiety, a boron cluster compound, and a combination thereof. The organic redox reactant of the positive electrolyte comprises a tetrafluorohydroquinone ether compound or a tetrafluorocatechol ether compound.

Abstract: A method for acquiring cardiac information from a patient having a pacer for pacing a heart rhythm, an abnormal EKG, or an abnormal heartbeat is disclosed. The method includes: placing a signal injection device proximate the pacer of the patient and injecting a signal across a skin barrier of the patient toward the pacer; in response to the signal received at the pacer, pacing the patient's heart in a fixed asynchronous pacing mode; and, acquiring cardiac information relating to the patient's fixed asynchronously paced heart.

Abstract: A polymer assisted deposition process for deposition of metal nitride films and the like is presented. The process includes solutions of one or more metal precursor and soluble polymers having binding properties for the one or more metal precursor. After a coating operation, the resultant coating is heated at high temperatures under a suitable atmosphere to yield metal nitride films and the like. Such films can be conformal on a variety of substrates including non-planar substrates. In some instances, the films can be epitaxial in structure and can be of optical quality. The process can be organic solvent-free.

Abstract: Nanophosphor compositions were was prepared. The compositions can be used for radiation detection.

Abstract: The invention relates to a cross-linking monomer having the structure Q-(L)n-P-(L?)m;-Q?, where Q and Q? are polymerisable units, L and L? are linkers providing direct or indirect electronic communication between Q and P and between P and Q?, and P is an electrofunctional unit, and also to polymers prepared from such monomers. Q for example may be a heteroaromatic ring such as thiophene, furan and pyrrole. The electrofunctional group may be, for example, porphyrin, substituted porphyrin, phthalocyanine or substituted phthalocyanine. The invention also relates to an electrofunctional material including a base material and a cross-linked polymer such as described.

Abstract: A method for acquiring a cardiac image from a patient having a paced heart rhythm, an abnormal EKG, or an irregular heartbeat, is disclosed. A gated electrocardiogram signal having local maxima and minima values and trigger points is received. For a period of time, the time between each trigger point and the associated local maxima or minima is determined. In response to the trigger point occurring at the associated local maxima or minima, a zero time differential for a corrected trigger for gating is calculated, and in response to the trigger point not occurring at the associated local maxima or minima, a time differential for the corrected trigger for gating based on the time difference between the trigger point and the associated local maxima or minima is calculated.

Abstract: Substantially pure ionic liquids and ionic liquid precursors were prepared. The substantially pure ionic liquid precursors were used to prepare substantially pure ionic liquids.

Abstract: The reaction of halo-boron compounds (B—X compounds, compounds having one or more boron-halogen bonds) with silanes provides boranes (B—H compounds, compounds having one or more B—H bonds) and halosilanes. Inorganic hydrides, such as surface-bound silane hydrides (Si—H) react with B—X compounds to form B—H compounds and surface-bound halosilanes. The surface bound halosilanes are converted back to surface-bound silanes electrochemically. Halo-boron compounds react with stannanes (tin compounds having a Sn—H bond) to form boranes and halostannanes (tin compounds having a Sn—X bond). The halostannanes are converted back to stannanes electrochemically or by the thermolysis of Sn-formate compounds. When the halo-boron compound is BCl3, the B—H compound is B2H6, and where the reducing potential is provided electrochemically or by the thermolysis of formate.

Abstract: A method of determining beryllium or a beryllium compound thereof in a sample, includes providing a sample suspected of comprising beryllium or a compound thereof, extracting beryllium or a compound thereof from the sample by dissolving in a solution, adding a fluorescent indicator to the solution to thereby bind any beryllium or a compound thereof to the fluorescent indicator, and determining the presence or amount of any beryllium or a compound thereof in the sample by measuring fluorescence.