Abstract: A method of making an anode material. The method begins by mixing a pre-passivated anode graphite with a supplement and a solvent to create a mixture. The solvent is then evaporated from the mixture to create a passivated anode graphite particle.

Abstract: The invention provides anti-apoptotic compositions containing lysophosphatidic acids and methods for making and using the compositions. Such compositions may also contain LPA potentiating agents, including proteins, lipid membrane structures and polymers such as polyethylene glycols. The compositions can additionally contain other pharmaceutically effective agents such as drugs, antibiotics, wound healing agents and antioxidants.

Abstract: A compound of formula ##STR1## where R.sup.1 is hydrogen or a protecting group Q;R.sup.2 is hydrogen, a C.sub.1 -C.sub.8 aliphatic radical, a C.sub.6 -C.sub.15 aromatic radical, a C.sub.3 -C.sub.8 cycloaliphatic radical, a C.sub.7 -C.sub.13 araliphatic radical, an alkali metal ion or an ammonium ion;R.sup.3 and R.sup.4 are independently hydrogen, halogen or hydroxy;R.sup.5 is C.sub.6 -C.sub.10 aryloxythiocarbonyloxy, the C.sub.6 -C.sub.10 aryl group being unsubstituted or substituted, or R.sup.5.sub.a ;R.sup.5.sub.a is hydrogen, fluorine, chlorine, hydroxy, --OR.sup.8, --OCOR.sup.8 or silyloxy substituted by three C.sub.1 -C.sub.15 hydrocarbyl groups;R.sup.6 is hydrogen, a C.sub.1 -C.sub.10 aliphatic radical, a C.sub.6 -C.sub.15 aromatic radical, a C.sub.7 -C.sub.16 araliphatic radical, --COR.sup.9, --SO.sub.2 R.sup.9 or silyl substituted by three C.sub.1 -C.sub.15 hydrocarbyl groups;R.sup.7 is a monovalent nucleoside base radical, hydroxyl, --OR.sup.8 or --OCOR.sup.8, andR.sup.9 are independently a C.sub.

Abstract: A dinucleotide analogue of formula ##STR1## where B.sup.1 and B.sup.2 are each independently a monovalent nucleoside base radical;R.sup.1 is R.sup.1.sub.a or Z;R.sup.1.sub.a, R.sup.2, R.sup.3 and R.sup.4 are each independently hydrogen, halogen or hydroxy;R.sup.5 is R.sup.5.sub.a or Z;R.sup.6 is hydrogen or R.sup.6.sub.a ;R.sup.7 is hydrogen, alkyl-N,N-dialkylphosphoramidyl or R.sup.7.sub.a, R.sup.8 is R.sup.8.sub.a or Z, or the indicated R.sup.7 O and R.sup.8 together denote an isopropylidenedioxy group;R.sup.5.sub.a and R.sup.8.sub.a are each independently hydrogen, halogen, hydroxy, --OR.sup.10, --OCOR.sup.10 or silyloxy substituted by three C.sub.1 -C.sub.15 hydrocarbyl groups;R.sup.6.sub.a and R.sup.7.sub.a are each independently a C.sub.1 -C.sub.10 aliphatic radical, a C.sub.6 -C.sub.15 aromatic radical, a C.sub.7 -C.sub.30 araliphatic radical, --COR.sup.11, --SO.sub.2 R.sup.11 or silyl substituted by three C.sub.1 -C.sub.15 hydrocarbyl groups;R.sup.9 is hydrogen, a C.sub.1 -C.sub.

Abstract: The present invention provides a compound of formula (I) ##STR1## and salts and solvates and pharmaceutically acceptable derivatives thereof, and describes processes for their preparation, pharmaceutical compositions containing them and their use in the treatment of viral diseases, especially those caused by the Herpetoviridae.

Abstract: The invention provides lactam derivatives of the general formula (I) ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1 represents a hydrogen atom or a group selected from C.sub.1-6 alkyl, C.sub.3-6 alkenyl, C.sub.3-10 alkynyl, C.sub.3-7 cycloalkyl, C.sub.3-7 cycloalkylC.sub.1-4 alkyl, phenyl, phenylC.sub.1-3 alkyl, phenylmethoxymethyl, phenoxyethyl, phenoxymethyl, --CO.sub.2 R.sup.3, --COR.sup.3, --CONR.sup.3 R.sup.4 or --SO.sub.2 R.sup.3 (wherein R.sup.3 and R.sup.4, which may be the same or different each represents a hydrogen atom, a C.sub.1-6 alkyl or C.sub.3-7 cycloalkyl group, or a phenyl or phenylC.sub.1-4 alkyl group, in which the phenyl group is optionally substituted by one or more C.sub.1-4 alkyl, C.sub.1-4 alkoxy or hydroxy groups or halogen atoms, with the proviso that R.sup.3 does not represent a hydrogen atom when R.sup.1 represents a group --CO.sub.2 R.sup.3 or --SO.sub.2 R.sup.3);and R.sup.2 represents a group of formula (a), (b) or (c): ##STR2## wherein R.sup.5 represents a hydrogen atom or a C.sub.1-6 alkyl, C.sub.