Abstract: For at least some services in a pipeline of interrelated services that process transactions, a corresponding service lead time is obtained. The corresponding service lead time quantifies, for a corresponding service of the at least some services a first amount of time that an input transaction awaits servicing by the corresponding service. It is determined that a lead time of a first service of the at least some services is below a lead time threshold. In response to determining that the lead time of the first service is below the lead time threshold, a throughput enhancement of an upstream service is caused.