Abstract: Metal oxides particularly useful for the manufacture of catalytic membranes for gas-phase oxygen separation processes having the formula:

Abstract: A process for production of synthesis gas employing a catalytic membrane reactor wherein the membrane comprises a mixed metal oxide material.

Abstract: This invention provides mixed conducting metal oxides particularly useful for the manufacture of catalytic membranes for gas-phase oxygen separation processes. The materials of this invention have the general formula:A.sub.x A'.sub.x A".sub.2-(x+x') B.sub.y B'.sub.y B".sub.2-(y+y') O.sub.5+z ;wherex and x' are greater than 0;y and y' are greater than 0;x+x' is less than or equal to 2;y+y' is less than or equal to 2;z is a number that makes the metal oxide charge neutral;A is an element selected from the f block lanthanide elements; A' is an element selected from Be, Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba and Ra;A" is an element selected from the f block lanthanides or Be, Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba and Ra; B is an element selected from the group consisting of Al, Ga, In or mixtures thereof; andB' and B" are different elements and are independently selected from the group of elements Mg or the d-block transition elements.

Abstract: Ceramics of the composition:Ln.sub.x Sr.sub.2-x-y Ca.sub.y B.sub.z M.sub.2-z O.sub.5+.delta.where Ln is an element selected from the fblock lanthanide elements and yttrium or mixtures thereof; B is an element selected from Al, Ga, In or mixtures thereof; M is a d-block transition element of mixtures thereof; 0.01.ltoreq.x.ltoreq.1.0; 0.01.ltoreq.y.ltoreq.0.7; 0.01.ltoreq.z.ltoreq.1.0 and .delta. is a number that varies to maintain charge neutrality are provided. These ceramics are useful in ceramic membranes and exhibit high ionic conductivity, high chemical stability under catalytic membrane reactor conditions and low coefficients of expansion. The materials of the invention are particularly useful in producing synthesis gas.

Abstract: Mixed electron- and proton-conducting metal oxide materials are provided. These materials are useful in fabrication of membranes for use in catalytic membrane reactions, particularly for promoting dehydrogenation of hydrocarbons, oligomerization of hydrocarbons and for the decomposition of hydrogen-containing gases. Membrane materials are perovskite compounds of the formula:AB.sub.1-x B'.sub.x O.sub.3-ywhere A=Ca, Sr, or Ba; B=Ce, Tb, Pr or Th; B'=Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni or Cu; 0.2<x<0.5, and y is a number sufficient to neutralize the charge in the mixed metal oxide material.

Abstract: This invention provides catalytic proton and electron mediating membranes useful in catalytic reactors. The membranes have an oxidation and a reduction surface and comprise a single-phase mixed metal oxide material of the formula:AB.sub.1-x B'.sub.x O.sub.3-ywherein A is selected from Ca, Sr or Ba ions; B is selected from Ce, Tb, Pr, or Th ions; B' is selected from Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Al, Ga, or In ions, or combinations thereof; and x is greater than or equal to 0.02 and less than or equal to 0.5. The membranes can further comprise a catalyst on either the oxidation or reduction surface, or both. Membranes include those which are fabricated-by combining powders of metal oxides or metal carbonates of metal A ion, metal B ion and metal B' ion such that the stoichiometric ratio A:B:B' is 1:1-x:x where 0.2.ltoreq..times.0.5, repeatedly calcining and milling the combined powders until a single-phase material is obtained and pressing and sintering the singlephase material to obtain a membrane.

Abstract: An electrolytic cell for generating hydrogen peroxide is provided including a cathode containing a catalyst for the reduction of oxygen, and an anode containing a catalyst for the oxidation of water. A polymer membrane, semipermeable to either protons or hydroxide ions is also included and has a first face interfacing to the cathode and a second face interfacing to the anode so that when a stream of water containing dissolved oxygen or oxygen bubbles is passed over the cathode and a stream of water is passed over the anode, and an electric current is passed between the anode and the cathode, hydrogen peroxide is generated at the cathode and oxygen is generated at the anode.

Abstract: A solid electrolyte electrochemical cell and process for concurrent gas phase electrocatalytic oxidative dimerization of methane at one side of the solid electrolyte and reduction of carbon dioxide to gaseous hydrocarbon products at the opposite side of the solid electrolyte. The electrochemical cell may use a solid electrolyte of an oxygen vacancy conducting type or a proton transferring type capable of transferring any proton mediating ion.

Abstract: A process for photoelectrochemical reduction of CO.sub.2 and/or CO to gaseous hydrocarbons, predominately methane, in a liquid aqueous containing electrolyte dispersion of semiconductors in the presence of copper which may be deposited on the semiconductor surface or dispersed in the electrolyte and transiently in contact with the semiconductor surface.

Abstract: A solid oxide fuel cell and process for direct conversion of natural gas into DC electricity concurrently with the electrocatalytic partial oxidation of methane to C.sub.2 hydrocarbon species C.sub.2 H.sub.4, C.sub.2 H.sub.6, and minor amounts of C.sub.2 H.sub.2.

Abstract: A process and apparatus for gas phase electrochemical reduction of CO.sub.2 and/or CO to hydrocarbons at ambient temperatures. The process is carried out by passing an electrical current between a cathode in contact with one side of a hydrogen ion conducting solid polymer electrolyte and an anode in ionic communication with the opposite side of the solid polymer electrolyte. In one embodiment, the anode material may be in contact with the opposite side of the hydrogen ion conducting solid polymer electrolyte, and in another embodiment, an anode may be separated from the opposite side of the solid polymer electrolyte by an aqueous inorganic salt solution. At least one of CO.sub.2 and CO are passed in contact with the cathode and hydrogen ions passing through the solid polymer electrolyte reduce at least a portion of the CO.sub.2 and CO to gaseous hydrocarbon products such as CH.sub.4 and C.sub.2 H.sub.4 at the solid polymer electrolyte/cathode interface.

Abstract: A solid oxide fuel cell having an electrocatalytic anode of A.sub.1+x B.sub.2-x S.sub.4 thiospinel wherein A and B are metallic, 0<x<0.2 and S is sulfur, thermally stable at cell operating temperatures of about 650.degree. to about 1050.degree. C. is in contact with one side of a solid oxygen ion conducting electrolyte. A cathode of strontium doped lanthanum manganite is in contact with the opposite side of the solid electrolyte. When H.sub.2 S containing gas is passed in contact with the electrocatalytic anode and O.sub.2 containing gas passed in contact with the cathode, the H.sub.2 S is spontaneously reduced to S and H.sub.2 O at the electrocatalytic anode and an electric current is produced.

Abstract: A process for electrochemical reduction of CO.sub.2 to CH.sub.4 and C.sub.2 H.sub.4 providing both high current densities and high Faradaic efficiencies. The process is carried out in an electrochemical cell wherein copper is electrodeposited in situ on the cathode surface making freshly deposited copper available for the electrochemical reduction. Faradaic efficiencies of about 75 to about 98 percent for production of CH.sub.4 and C.sub.2 H.sub.4 are obtained.

Abstract: A solid-state multi-color electrochromic display cell having a distinct organic electrochromic chemical layer having one side immediately adjacent a display electrode and the other side adjacent a solid electrolyte.

Abstract: A process and apparatus for electrochemically separating alkali oxides to simultaneously generate oxygen gas and liquid alkali metals in a high temperature electrolytic cell is provided. The high temperature electrolytic cell comprises a cathode in contact with an alkali ion conducting molten salt electrolyte separated from the anode by an oxygen vacancy conducting solid electrolyte. Alkali metals separated in the alkali metal reducing half cell reaction are useful as reducing agents in the direct thermochemical refining of lunar metal oxide ores to produce metallic species and alkali oxides, and the alkali oxides may then be recycled to the high temperature electrolytic cell.

Abstract: A high energy density lithium-oxygen secondary cell comprising a lithium-containing negative electrode in contact with a lithium ion conducting molten salt electrolyte separated from the positive electrode by an oxygen ion conducting solid electrolyte. Upon electrochemical cell charging, unit activity lithium is deposited at the interface of the negative electrode with the molten salt electrolyte and oxygen gas is evolved at the positive electrode.

Abstract: Apparatus for reducing oxalic acid to a product includes a cell. A separator which separates the cell into two chambers; a catholyte chamber and an anolyte chamber. Each chamber has an inlet and an outlet. A porous cathode having a catalyst is arranged within the catholyte chamber so that a catholyte entering the inlet of the catholyte chamber will pass through the cathode. A porous anode is arranged within the anolyte section so that an electrolyte entering the inlet of the anolyte section will pass through the anode and exit through the outlet of anolyte section. A source provides the catholyte which is a mixture of oxalic acid and an electrolyte to the inlet of the catholyte chamber while another source provides the electrolyte to the inlet of the anolyte chamber. A d.c. voltage is provided between the cathode and the anode so as to cooperate in the reduction of oxalic acid within the porous cathode to a product which exits the catholyte chamber by way of its outlet.

Abstract: A solid-state multi-color electrochromic display cell having a water soluble organic electrochromic chemical dissolved in water associated with an ionically conducting polymer of a solid electrolyte. The water may be present in a water containing polymer or may be water of emulsion of a non-water containing polymer. The solid electrolyte layer has one side immediately adjacent a display electrode and the other side adjacent a cell separator.

Abstract: A high temperature, electrochemically reversible cell system comprising a divalent cation conducting solid electrolyte in contact with a positive electrode and a solid-state negative electrode contacting a divalent cation conducting molten salt providing ionic mediation to the solid electrolyte is disclosed. Suitable divalent cations include Ca.sup.2+ ; Sr.sup.2+ ; Ba.sup.2+ ; Zn.sup.2+ ; Cd.sup.2+ ; Pb.sup.2+ ; Hg.sup.2+ ; and Mn.sup.2+. According to a preferred embodiment, Ca.sup.2+ beta"-alumina solid electrolyte is in solid-state contact to a transition metal doped Ca.sup.2+ beta"-alumina positive electrode, and a solid-state calcium alloy negative electrode contacts a calcium halide molten salt providing ionic mediation to the solid-state Ca.sup.2+ beta"-alumina electrolyte.

Abstract: Rechargeable, long cycle life solid-state galvanic cells comprising cation conducting solid polymer electrolyte contacting intercalation compound negative and positive electrodes are disclosed. Rechargeable solid-state lithium conducting solid polymer electrolyte cells utilize lithium intercalating electrodes and lithium ion conducting solid polymer electrolyte. Rechargeable solid-state sodium ion conducting solid polymer electrolyte cells utilize homogeneous matrix electrodes comprising transition metal doped beta"-alumina electrodes and sodium ion conducting solid polymer electrolyte.