Abstract: A process of controlling heavies in a recycle catalyst stream, particularly, for use in a continuous hydroformylation process of converting an olefin with synthesis gas in the presence of a hydroformylation catalyst to form an aldehyde product stream with subsequent separation of the catalyst for recycle to the hydroformylation step. Heavies are controlled, and preferably reduced, by means of feeding a recycle gas stream, taken as a portion of an over-head stream from a condenser, back to a vaporizer wherein the aldehyde product stream is separated.

Abstract: A compound comprising a sulfonated triorganophosphine of formula R1R2PR3[SO3M)]n, wherein R1 and R2 are selected individually from alkyl, aralkyl, and alicyclic groups; wherein R3 represents a branched divalent or polyvalent, alkylene or alicyclic radical that is bonded to the phosphorus atom and to one or more sulfonate substituents, and further wherein R3 does not contain any aryl moieties; M represents a monovalent cation; and n is an integer representing a total number of sulfonated substituents. The compound is useful as a ligand in transition metal-ligand complex catalysts that are capable of catalyzing the hydroformylation of an olefinically-unsaturated compound with carbon monoxide and hydrogen to form one or more corresponding aldehyde products. The ligand is incapable of alkyl-aryl exchange, thereby leading to reduced ligand usage and improving ligand and transition metal, e.g., rhodium, recovery and recycling, as compared with prior art ligands.

Abstract: A process of controlling heavies in a recycle catalyst stream, particularly, for use in a continuous hydroformylation process of converting an olefin with synthesis gas in the presence of a hydroformylation catalyst to form an aldehyde product stream with subsequent separation of the catalyst for recycle to the hydroformylation step. Heavies are controlled, and preferably reduced, by means of feeding a recycle gas stream, taken as a portion of an over-head stream from a condenser, back to a vaporizer wherein the aldehyde product stream is separated.

Abstract: A compound comprising a sulfonated triorganophosphine of formula R1R2PR3[SO3M)]n, wherein R1 and R2 are selected individually from alkyl, aralkyl, and alicyclic groups; wherein R3 represents a branched divalent or polyvalent, alkylene or alicyclic radical that is bonded to the phosphorus atom and to one or more sulfonate substituents, and further wherein R3 does not contain any aryl moieties; M represents a monovalent cation; and n is an integer representing a total number of sulfonated substituents. The compound is useful as a ligand in transition metal-ligand complex catalysts that are capable of catalyzing the hydroformylation of an olefinically-unsaturated compound with carbon monoxide and hydrogen to form one or more corresponding aldehyde products. The ligand is incapable of alkyl-aryl exchange, thereby leading to reduced ligand usage and improving ligand and transition metal, e.g., rhodium, recovery and recycling, as compared with prior art ligands.

Abstract: A method of preparing an aromatic phosphine monosulfonate in zwitterionic form, such as dicyclohexylphenylphosphine monosulfonate zwitterion, involving contacting an aromatic phosphine with a sulfonating agent to provide a reaction mixture containing aromatic phosphine monosulfonate in acid form and unconverted sulfonating agent; quenching or removing substantially all of the unconverted sulfonating agent; partially neutralizing the aromatic phosphine monosulfonate in acid form to phase separate aromatic phosphine monosulfonate in zwitterionic form as a solid or neat liquid layer; and collecting the zwitterion as a solid or neat liquid. The zwitterion may be neutralized to form the corresponding aromatic phosphine monosulfonate metal salt, which is useful in preparing catalysts for hydroformylation processes.

Abstract: A continuous hydroformylation process for producing a mixture of aldehydes with improved flexibility and stability of a normal/branched (N/I) isomer ratio of the product aldehydes. The process involves reacting one or more olefinically-unsaturated compounds with carbon monoxide and hydrogen in the presence of an organopolyphosphite ligand and an organomonophosphite ligand, at least one of such ligands being bonded to a transition metal to form a transition metal-ligand complex hydroformylation catalyst; the process being conducted at a sub-stoichiometric molar ratio of organopolyphosphite ligand to transition metal, at a super-stoichiometric (>2/1) molar ratio of organomonophosphite ligand to transition metal, and at a carbon monoxide partial pressure in the inverse order region of the hydroformylation rate curve; and controlling and varying the isomer ratio by varying the concentration of organopolyphosphite ligand relative to transition metal.

Abstract: A process for the minimization of phosphonium ion ligand degradation products formed during reaction of a polyunsaturated olefin or an unconjugated functionalized olefin in the presence of a transition metal-triorganophosphine ligand complex catalyst to form as a product, by-product, or intermediate product a conjugated functionalized olefin having a carbon-carbon double bond conjugated to an ?-electron-withdrawing group, such as, an ?,?-unsaturated aldehyde, ketone, ester, acid, or nitrile. The minimization process involves conducting the reaction under selected conditions of conversion, temperature, pressure, or a combination thereof; and/or by selecting a triorganophosphine ligand with a specified steric and/or electronic property.

Abstract: A method of preparing an aromatic phosphine monosulfonate in zwitterionic form, such as dicyclohexylphenylphosphine monosulfonate zwitterion, involving contacting an aromatic phosphine with a sulfonating agent to provide a reaction mixture containing aromatic phosphine monosulfonate in acid form and unconverted sulfonating agent; quenching or removing substantially all of the unconverted sulfonating agent; partially neutralizing the aromatic phosphine monosulfonate in acid form to phase separate aromatic phosphine monosulfonate in zwitterionic form as a solid or neat liquid layer; and collecting the zwitterion as a solid or neat liquid. The zwitterion may be neutralized to form the corresponding aromatic phosphine monosulfonate metal salt, which is useful in preparing catalysts for hydroformylation processes.

Abstract: A process for the minimization of phosphonium ion ligand degradation products formed during reaction of a polyunsaturated olefin or an unconjugated functionalized olefin in the presence of a transition metal-triorganophosphine ligand complex catalyst to form as a product, by-product, or intermediate product a conjugated functionalized olefin having a carbon-carbon double bond conjugated to an a-electronwithdrawing group, such as, an a,?-unsaturated aldehyde, ketone, ester, acid, or nitrile. The minimization process involves conducting the reaction under selected conditions of conversion, temperature, pressure, or a combination thereof; and/or by selecting a triorganophosphine ligand with a specified steric and/or electronic property.

Abstract: This invention relates to a process for separating an aldehyde that contains at least seven carbon atoms and that is free of alpha substituents from a solution containing the aldehyde and a non-polar organic liquid which process comprises contacting the solution with water under conditions such that a solid hydrate of the aldehyde forms and separating the solid hydrate from the solution. This invention also relates to novel hydrates so produced.

Abstract: Process for the separation and recovery of aldehyde product from a non-aqueous hydroformylation reaction product composition comprising the aldehyde product, a rhodium-ionically charged phosphorus ligand complex, a free ionically charged phosphorus ligand and an organic solubilizing agent for said complex and said free ligand via phase separation using added water or both added water and an added non-polar hydrocarbon compounds.

Abstract: A method for recovering a transition metal such as rhodium from a polar or non-polar liquid by contacting said transition metal-containing liquid with an ion-exchange resin having bonded ionically thereto an organophosphorus ligand; the transition metal can be eluted from the bed using a liquid containing a sufficient concentration of organophosphorus ligand.

Abstract: This invention relates to novel ionic phosphites and the use thereof as ligands in homogenous transition metal catalyzed processes, especially hydroformylation.

Abstract: This invention relates to novel ionic phosphites and the use thereof as ligands in homogenous transition metal catalyzed processes, especially hydroformylation.

Abstract: Transition metal-bis-phosphite catalyzed carbonylation processes, especially hydroformylation, as well as transition metal-bis-phosphite compositions, bis-phosphite ligands and transition metal-bis-phosphite catalysts.

Abstract: Transition metal-diorganophosphite complex catalyzed carbonylation processes, especially hydroformylation, as well as transition metal-diorganophosphite ligand complex compositions, diorganophosphite ligands and transition metal-diorganophosphite catalysts.

Abstract: Transition metal-poly-phosphite complex catalyzed carbonylation processes, especially hydroformylation, as well as transition metal-poly-phosphite ligand complex compositions.

Abstract: Transition metal-bis-phosphite catalyzed carbonylation processes, especially hydroformylation, as well as transition metal-bis-phosphite compositions, bis-phosphite ligands and transition metal-bis-phosphite catalysts.

Abstract: Transition metal-diorganophosphite complex catalyzed carbonylation processes, especially hydroformylation, as well as transition metal-diorganophosphite ligand complex compositions, diorganophosphite ligands and transition metal-diorganophosphite catalysts.

Abstract: A nonaqueous hydroformylation process for producing aldehydes using low volatile, organic solubilized monosulfonated tertiary phosphine metal salt ligands.