Abstract: A substrate, which that is capable of attaching biomolecules, and a method for preparing the substrate are provided. The substrate has a reactive surface that can covalently attach a polymer coating containing functional groups, which can reduce nonspecific binding of biomolecules to the surface for a biological array. Optionally, at least a portion of the substrate may be coated with an intermediate tie layer, which enhances the covalent bonding between the polymer coating with the underlying substrate. The present invention also pertains to a method that uses electrostatic blocking agents to reduce non-specific binding of proteins to a substrate, especially anhydride-modified surfaces.

Abstract: An assembly to practice a method for the detection and analysis of genetic polymorphisms using arrays that do not require labeling of a target nucleic acid sequence. Hybridization of a perfectly complementary nucleic acid target sequence to an oligonucleotide probe sequence results in a displacement and complete removal of a hybridized probe sequence from the same oligonucleotide probe sequence by means of a thermo-kinetic reaction. The removal of the hybridized probe sequence, having a quencher element, increases the intensity of emission by an emitter element on the oligonucleotide probe sequence.

Abstract: A microarray containing components of cell membranes and a high-throughput method for using the microarray to detect toxins and screen for other biological or chemical compounds that may block the binding of toxin molecules to targets is provided. The microarray according to the present invention provides an attractive platform for efficient study of fundamental aspects of molecular recognition at the cell surface. Specific binding pattern of a given toxin to a set of different biological membrane probes in the microarray can be employed as a “signature” to identify and detect the presence of a toxin in a sample.

Abstract: Disclosed is a process to construct multi-component biomolecule or cellular arrays suitable for use in SPR imaging studies of large molecule, cellular/molecular, and cell/cell interactions. The success of the procedure hinges on the use of a reversible protecting group to modify reversibly &ohgr;-functionalized alkanethiols self-assembled on metal substrates.

Abstract: Disclosed is a process to construct multi-component biomolecule or cellular arrays suitable for use in SPR imaging studies of large molecule, cellular/molecular, and cell/cell interactions. The success of the procedure hinges on the use of a reversible protecting group to modify reversibly &ohgr;-functionalized alkanethiols self-assembled on metal substrates.

Abstract: The present invention overcomes the problems and disadvantages associated with prior art arrays by providing an array comprising a plurality of biological membrane microspots associated with a surface of a substrate that can be produced, used and stored, not in an aqueous environment, but in an environment exposed to air under ambient or controlled humidities. Preferably, the biological membrane microspots comprise a membrane bound protein. Most preferably, the membrane bound protein is a G-protein coupled receptor, an ion channel, a receptor serine/threonine kinase or a receptor tyrosine kinase.

Abstract: Disclosed is a process to construct multi-component biomolecule or cellular arrays suitable for use in SPR imaging studies of large molecule, cellular/molecular, and cell/cell interactions. The success of the procedure hinges on the use of a reversible protecting group to modify reversibly &ohgr;-functionalized alkanethiols self-assembled on metal substrates.

Abstract: Disclosed is a process to construct multi-component biomolecule or cellular arrays suitable for use in SPR imaging studies of large molecule, cellular/molecular, and cell/cell interactions. The success of the procedure hinges on the use of a reversible protecting group to modify reversibly .omega.-functionalized alkanethiols self-assembled on metal substrates.