Abstract: Embodiments herein describe systems and methods to determine nucleic acid thermodynamics and uses thereof. Many embodiments utilize a sequencing chip, such as an Illumina flow cell as a high-throughput platform for performing massively parallel melt curve determination. In many embodiments, nucleic acid molecules possessing a region that forms a secondary structure are affixed to a sequencing chip and hybridized with one or more labeled oligonucleotides. As the secondary structure denatures, changes in fluorescence can be measured to determine a melt curve of specific sequences.

Abstract: Disclosed is a technique for facilitating software upgrade for a switching system comprising a first management processor and a second management processor and a set of one or more line processors, the techniques comprising receiving a signal to perform a software upgrade for a line processor from the set of line processors, and performing a software upgrade for the line processor without substantially affecting packet switching performed by the switching system.

Abstract: Disclosed is a technique for facilitating software upgrade for a switching system comprising a first management processor and a second management processor and a set of one or more line processors, the techniques comprising receiving a signal to perform a software upgrade for a line processor from the set of line processors, and performing a software upgrade for the line processor without substantially affecting packet switching performed by the switching system.

Abstract: A microprocessor is used to control the temperature of a laser emitter and thereby regulate the wavelength of optical signals from the laser. A serial interface in the microprocessor provides input and output lines to a host device, and temperature lookup tables are stored in nonvolatile memory. Control logic processes information stored in the memory as well as information on operating conditions of the laser emitter to precisely control the temperature of the laser emitter. A thermo-electric cooler adjusts the temperature of the laser emitter.

Abstract: A loss of signal assert and de-assert level programming mechanism in an optical transceiver coupled to a host computing system. A control module is connected to the host so as to receive the programmable loss of signal level. A post-amplifier detects when the receive power drops below a loss of signal level. However, in this case, instead of the loss of signal level being static, a loss of signal level adjustment mechanism changes the loss of signal level detected by the post-amplifier as directed by the programmable loss of signal level received from the host. The loss of signal assert and de-assert levels may be calibrated by comparing receive power to the threshold for assertion and de-assertion of the loss of signal.

Abstract: Disclosed is a technique for facilitating software upgrade for a switching system comprising a first management processor and a second management processor and a set of one or more line processors, the techniques comprising receiving a signal to perform a software upgrade for a line processor from the set of line processors, and performing a software upgrade for the line processor without substantially affecting packet switching performed by the switching system.

Abstract: A secure media storage device for an imaging device, comprising an interface (40) for receiving digital data, a memory (44) for storing the digital data and for allowing read out of the digital data and a security layer (42) integrated onto the storage device for embedding security data onto the digital data to enable verification of the integrity of the digital data.

Abstract: The invention provides a method and apparatus for watermarking a document, the method comprising: associating the document with an identification number; generating (70) a first set of numbers using a seed for the number generation comprising or derived from the identification number; applying a transform (62) to at least a portion of an image of the document to form a transform of the image; defining a second set of numbers comprising transform coefficients from the transform of the image; forming a modified second set of numbers based on the first set and the second set; substituting the modified second set for the second set in the transform of the image to form a modified transform (72); and applying an inverse (74) of the transform to the modified transform to thereby produce a modified image of the document; whereby the modified image of the document or an output of the modified image constitutes the watermarked document.

Abstract: In one example, an optoelectronic transceiver includes an optical transmitter with which a set of operating wavelengths is associated. A temperature sensor and heat transfer device are thermally coupled with the optical transmitter, and drive circuitry is provided that is in communication with the heat transfer device. The optoelectronic transceiver further includes a control device in communication with the temperature sensor and with the driver circuitry. The control device includes a memory within which is stored several temperature control values, where each of the temperature control values is associated with a respective operating wavelength of the optical transmitter. Finally, the control device includes logic coupled with the memory, wherein an output of the logic is a command signal that concerns operation of the driver circuitry and corresponds with a selected operating wavelength. The command signal is based in part upon a temperature control value and input from the temperature sensor.

Abstract: This disclosure concerns systems, methods and devices for temperature-based control of laser performance. One example of a method is performed in connection with a laser of an optoelectronic transceiver. In particular, the laser is operated over a range of temperatures and the optical output of the laser is monitored. During operation of the laser, the bias current and current swing supplied to the laser are adjusted to the extent necessary to maintain a substantially constant optical output from the laser over the range of temperatures.

Abstract: Optoelectronic devices and methods are used to maintain a CWDM transmitter operating within design parameters over an extended ambient temperature range. In order to avoid excessive wavelength drift with temperature shifts, lasers in the CWDM transmitters are heated or cooled to a selected temperature, for example by using a thermoelectric cooler. By heating and cooling the lasers, any wavelength drift that an ambient temperature variation might inflict on the laser is minimized to the range hotter or colder than the selected temperature. As the temperature range of the laser increases above the selected temperature, the AC swing driving the laser is increased to maintain a sufficient extinction ratio for acceptable transmitter performance.

Abstract: A microprocessor is used to control the temperature of a laser emitter and thereby regulate the wavelength of optical signals from the laser. A serial interface in the microprocessor provides input and output lines to a host device, and temperature lookup tables are stored in nonvolatile memory. Control logic processes information stored in the memory as well as information on operating conditions of the laser emitter to precisely control the temperature of the laser emitter. A thermo-electric cooler adjusts the temperature of the laser emitter.

Abstract: A microprocessor is used to control the temperature of a laser emitter and thereby regulate the wavelength of optical signals from the laser. A serial interface in the microprocessor provides input and output lines to a host device, and temperature lookup tables are stored in nonvolatile memory. Control logic processes information stored in the memory as well as information on operating conditions of the laser emitter to precisely control the temperature of the laser emitter. A thermo-electric cooler adjusts the temperature of the laser emitter.

Abstract: Methods and processes are disclosed for calibrating optoelectronic devices, such as optoelectronic transceivers and optoelectronic receivers, based upon an avalanche photodiode breakdown voltage. In general, the method involves adjusting a reverse-bias voltage of the avalanche photodiode until avalanche breakdown of the avalanche photodiode occurs. An optimized APD reverse-bias voltage is then determined by reducing the reverse-bias voltage at which avalanche breakdown occurs by a predetermined offset voltage. This process is performed at a variety of different temperatures. Information concerning each temperature and the corresponding optimized APD reverse-bias voltage is stored in a memory of the optoelectronic device.

Abstract: An optoelectronic transceiver includes first and second controller ICs. Each controller IC includes logic, a memory, an interface, and at least one input port. Each memory is configured to store digital diagnostic data and has a unique serial device address to allow a host access to each of these controller ICs separately and independently. At least some of the digital diagnostic data is common to both the first controller IC and the second controller IC. The inclusion of two controller ICs allows the same diagnostic data to be stored in completely different memory mapped locations. This allows hosts that are preconfigured differently to read different memory mapped locations on the different controller ICs to obtain the same diagnostic data.

Abstract: A controller for controlling the reverse-bias voltage of an avalanche photodiode in a transceiver or receiver. The controller includes memory for storing information related to the avalanche photodiode, and analog to digital conversion circuitry for receiving an analog signal corresponding to the temperature of the avalanche photodiode, converting the received analog signal into a digital value, and storing the digital value in a predefined location within the memory. Control circuitry in the controller controls the operation of the avalanche photodiode and a temperature lookup table store in the memory. A serial interface enables a host device to read from and write to locations within the memory. The invention also controls the reverse-bias voltage of an avalanche photodiode in a transceiver or receiver.

Abstract: The optoelectronic transceiver includes first and second controller ICs. Each controller IC includes logic, a memory, an interface, and at least one input port. Each memory is configured to store digital diagnostic data and has a unique serial device address to allow a host access to each of these controller ICs separately and independently. At least some of the digital diagnostic data is common to both the first controller IC and the second controller IC. The inclusion of two controller ICs allows the same diagnostic data to be stored in completely different memory mapped locations. This allows hosts that are preconfigured differently to read different memory mapped locations on the different controller ICs to obtain the same diagnostic data.

Abstract: An optoelectronic transceiver includes first and second controller ICs. Each controller IC includes logic, a memory, an interface, and at least one input port. Each memory is configured to store digital diagnostic data and has a unique serial device address to allow a host access to each of these controller ICs separately and independently. At least some of the digital diagnostic data is common to both the first controller IC and the second controller IC. The inclusion of two controller ICs allows the same diagnostic data to be stored in completely different memory mapped locations. This allows hosts that are preconfigured differently to read different memory mapped locations on the different controller ICs to obtain the same diagnostic data.

Abstract: A loss of signal assert and de-assert level programming mechanism in an optical transceiver coupled to a host computing system. A control module is connected to the host so as to receive the programmable loss of signal level. A post-amplifier detects when the receive power drops below a loss of signal level. However, in this case, instead of the loss of signal level being static, a loss of signal level adjustment mechanism changes the loss of signal level detected by the post-amplifier as directed by the programmable loss of signal level received from the host. The loss of signal assert and de-assert levels may be calibrated by comparing receive power to the threshold for assertion and de-assertion of the loss of signal.

Abstract: A method for compensating for wavelength drift in a fiber-optic laser transmitter includes 1) controlling a temperature within the optoelectronic assembly at a defined level; 2) driving the optoelectronic assembly to emit light, wherein the emitted light has a wavelength that is within a channel of operation, the channel of operation including a range of wavelengths centered around a channel center wavelength; 3) accessing from memory within the optoelectronic assembly a control value associated with the temperature of the optoelectronic assembly at defined points within an operational lifetime of the optoelectronic assembly; and 4) recalculating the defined level by reference to the control value, whereby a wavelength of the optoelectronic assembly is maintained within the channel of operation despite an expected drift of wavelength.