Abstract: A cheese-like spread is prepared by homogenizing a mixture of a cheese composition and an emulsion inversion of a dairy product.

Abstract: A squeezable butter-like composition is prepared by homogenizing a mixture of a water-in-oil emulsion and an oil-in-water emulsion of liquid dairy products where the ratio of the emulsions is 6:4 to 8.5:1.

Abstract: A butter-like composition is produced which has a taste, texture and mouth feel which at least approximates that of butter and comprising a concentrated mixture of (a) at least one water-in-oil emulsion of a liquid dairy product, (b) at least one oil-in-water emulsion of a liquid dairy product, and (c) at least one water-in-oil emulsion of a vegetable fat. The ratio of (a) to (b) is at least about 6:4 but less than 9:1, the ratio of (a) and (b) to (c) is at least 1:3, and the total fat content of the composition is at least about 30%.

Abstract: There is provided a method for concentrating and improving the taste, texture and mouth feel of a liquid dairy product. The liquid dairy product is cooled to a temperature at or below its feezing point. Ice crystals are crystallized from the cooled liquid dairy product to produce a mixture of concentrated product and ice crystals. A portion of the ice crystals is separated from the mixture and heated to form a melt thereof. The mixture is washed with the melt to form a washed mixture of the concentrated product and the ice crystals, and the ice crystals are separated from the washed mixture and the concentrated product is recovered. The amount of ice crystals formed in the crystallizing step is sufficient that the recovered product has a solids content of at least about 20%.

Abstract: There is provided a method of carbonating a liquid dairy product ot which another liquid food ingredient is added in admixture by heating the mixture to between 160.degree. F. and 200.degree. F. for 5 seconds to 30 minutes, to form a buffer of the indigenous ash of the liquid dairy product, cooling and carbonating the mixture to at least 1.5 volumes of carbon dioxide.

Abstract: There is provided a method of carbonating a liquid dairy product to a high level of carbonization, while not destabilizing the liquid dairy product. A liquid dairy product is heated to a temperature of at least 160.degree. F. for a time not in excess of 30 minutes, whereby the indigenous dairy protein and ash therein are at least partially denatured. The denatured liquid dairy product is then cooled to a temperature of less than about 50.degree. F. The cooled liquid dairy product is subjected to pressurized carbon dioxide at sufficient pressures and for a sufficient time such that the taste and mouth feel of the carbonated dairy product is no longer that of the uncarbonated dairy product. The carbonation is carried out until there are at least 1.5 volumes of carbon dioxide dissolved in the dairy product. The product is then packaged in closed containers capable of substantially retaining the said degree of carbonation.

Abstract: A method is provided for producing a butter-like composition which has a taste, texture and mouth feel similar to butter but which is speadable at refrigeration temperatures. A feed of at least one liquid dairy product which is primarily and oil-in-water emulsion and has a fat content of at about 8% is prepared. The feed is concentrated by removing water until a concentrate having at least about 40% fat is obtained. The concentrate is homogenized and a phase reversal of the concentrate is caused, either prior to, during or after homogenization, so that the emulsion of the concentrate is converted from a primarily oil-in-water emulsion to a predominantly water-in-oil emulsion. The concentrate, thereby, forms a butter-like composition, and the ratio of oil-in-water emulsion to water-in-oil emulsion in the composition is at least about 6:4, and preferably between 7:3 and 8:2.

Abstract: There is provided a food-grade modifier comprising a substantially water-insoluble neutralized solid complex precipitate of calcium, phosphorous and at least one amino acid selected from tyrosine, lysine and aspartic acid. Optionally, the complex may include at least one further amino acid selected from tryptophan and phenylalanine. The modifier effects stabilization, suspension, emulsification and the like in food or non-food compositions, e.g. for providing a whipped topping. The process comprises precipitating the complex from a specifically neutralized medium containing the amino acid, calcium and phosphorous.

Abstract: Dough compositions which are leavened and flavored by certain yeasts are provided, along with a process for production thereof. The particular yeasts are Candida lusitaniae and Saccharomyces delbrueckii. The yeasts do not effectively use sucrose as the primary energy source and the compositions will contain another sugar, e.g. dextrose.

Abstract: A food-grade composition comprises a food of food-grade material, whey colloidal precipitate and water. The whey colloidal precipitate may effect the physical properties of clouding, stabilizing, gelling and emulsifying. The whey colloidal precipitate is a complex precipitate of whey in colloidal size ranges and is characterized by its ability to gell water and petroleum ether, is white in color, may be dried to a free-flowing powder and has no disagreeable whey taste.

Abstract: A food-grade composition comprises a food of food-grade material, whey colloidal precipitate and water. The whey colloidal precipitate may effect the physical properties of clouding, stabilizing, gelling and emulsifying. The whey colloidal precipitate is a complex precipitate of whey in colloidal size ranges and is characterized by its ability to gell water and petroleum ether, is white in color, may be dried to a free-flowing powder and has no disagreeable whey taste.