Abstract: The application generally relates to a process for generating hydrogen, oxygen or both from water. More particularly, the application generally relates to a lanthanide-mediated electrochemical and/or photoelectrochemical process for generating hydrogen, oxygen or both from water.

Abstract: The present invention relates generally to a method for processing carbon dioxide gas (“CO2”). The method includes introducing a solution which includes a cation and a hydroxide and/or oxide to the CO2 to form a cation-containing carbonate salt; reacting the cation-containing carbonate salt with an acidic solution including a rare earth element to form a substantially solid, ionic rare earth element-containing carbonate salt material, the rare earth, cation-containing carbonate being substantially stable in the acidic solution such as to resist substantial formation of compounds selected from the group consisting of oxide, hydroxide and mixtures thereof; separating the rare earth element-containing carbonate salt material from the acidic solution; and reducing the rare earth element-containing carbonate salt material to a carbon-containing compound selected from the group consisting of carbon monoxide gas, elemental carbon and mixtures thereof.

Abstract: The application generally relates to a process for generating hydrogen, oxygen or both from water. More particularly, the application generally relates to a lanthanide-mediated photochemical process for generating hydrogen, oxygen or both from water.

Abstract: A method for making catalyst particles having improved resistance to surface area loss through thermal degradation. The particles are preferably metal oxide particles and more preferably alumina hydrate particles having a surface area of at least about 150 m.sup.2 /g. The particles are mixed with an organic monomer, preferably furfuryl alcohol. The monomer is polymerized to form polymer coated metal oxide particles. Thereafter, the polymer coated particles are treated with a phosphorus-containing acid or salt.

Abstract: Sodium oxalate is precipitated from spent Bayer process liquor by mixture with a low total alkalinity (TA) sodium oxalate seed solution that has been treated with two or more adsorbents to remove organic poisons from the sodium oxalate. The adsorbents are preferably two different adsorbents selected from activated carbon, ESP dust, calcium oxide and magnesium oxide. Surprisingly, combination treatments with activated carbon and ESP dust are most effective even though ESP dust alone has little effect on oxalate removal.

Abstract: A biocompatible coating is formed on an aluminum sheet surface by reacting a surface portion with an aqueous solution containing calcium hydroxide and a more soluble calcium salt to form a hydrocalumite first coating. The first coating is then reacted with a water-soluble phosphate to form a biocompatible coating comprising hydroxyapatite. The hydroxyapatite coating may be reacted with a water-soluble fluoride or fluorophosphate to form a fluorapatite coating.

Abstract: A method of making a pillared hydrotalcite and an associated products. The pillared hydrotalcite is made by calcining a hydrotalcite having the formula A.sub.w B.sub.x (OH).sub.y [C].sub.z .multidot.nH.sub.2 O, wherein A represents a divalent metal cation, B represents a trivalent metal cation, C represents a mono- to tetravalent anion and w, x, y, z and n satisfy the following:0<z.ltoreq.x.ltoreq.4.ltoreq.w.ltoreq.1/2y and 12.gtoreq.n.gtoreq.1/2(w-x).The method further comprises combining the calcined compound with a salt solution of an anion to make the pillared derivative of the compound and then separating the pillared derivative from the salt solution. A method of intercalating inorganic anions and resulting product is also disclosed.

Abstract: A new transition alumina is made by heating substantially pure diaspore in a vacuum to an elevated temperature of about 300-1000.degree. C. The new transition alumina has increased surface area compared with alpha-alumina formed by heating diaspore in air.

Abstract: Disclosed is a crystalline compound and a method of making the compound. The composition is expressed in terms of molar ratios by the formula [Al.sub.2 (OH).sub.6 ].multidot.X[Li.sub.2 C.sub.2 O.sub.4 ] where X is in the range of 0.1 to 1. The method comprises the steps of adding Al(OH).sub.3 to an aqueous solution containing lithium oxalate to provide a mixture; and reacting said mixture to form said new compositions.

Abstract: A method of making a pillared hydrotalcite and an associated products. The pillared hydrotalcite is made by calcining a hydrotalcite having the formula A.sub.w B.sub.x (OH).sub.y [C].sub.z .multidot.nH.sub.2 O, wherein A represents a divalent metal cation, B represents a trivalent metal cation, C represents a mono- to tetravalent anion and w, x, y, z and n satisfy the following:0<z.ltoreq.x.ltoreq.4.ltoreq.w.ltoreq.1/2y and 12.gtoreq.n.gtoreq.1/2(w-x)The method further comprises combining the calcined compound with a salt solution of an anion to make the pillared derivative of the compound and then separating the pillared derivative from the salt solution. A method of intercalating inorganic anions and resulting product is also disclosed.

Abstract: A composite and a process for forming it are provided, said process comprising providing a substrate bearing crystalline and preferably single crystal filaments as growths on the substrate and forming a solid matrix encompassing the filaments. The composites are useful for aircraft, boat and auto skins and structural members.

Abstract: A process for preparing a stabilized high cristobalite from a gel comprising ultramicroscopic particles of SiO.sub.2, Na.sub.2 O, and Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 where the ratio of moles of Na.sub.2 O to Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 is from about 0.95 to about 1.1, and the molar ratio of SiO.sub.2 to Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 is between about 10 and about 40. After the gel is formed, it is heated at 800-1400.degree. C. for a time sufficient to form stabilized high cristobalite.

Abstract: Maleic anhydride is produced by passing a C.sub.4 to C.sub.12 hydrocarbon stream together with molecular oxygen over a fixed bed containing a vanadium molybdate catalyst promoted with a novel cobalt niobate having the formulaCoNb.sub.a O.sub.xwherein a is a number from about 1.0 to about 4.0 and x is a number from about 3.5 to about 11.0. The catalyst is prepared by calcining a slurry containing cobalt oxide and niobium oxide, or their precursors, in at a temperature range from about 400.degree. to about 1200.degree. C. for about 1 to about 40 hours to obtain a cobalt niobate, which is then slurried with a mixture of oxides of vanadium and molybdenum, or their precursors, dried, and then calcined at a temperature from about 300.degree. to about 650.degree. C. for about 0.5 to about 24 hours. A support cam can be used for the catalyst.

Abstract: Maleic anhydride is produced by passing a C.sub.4 to C.sub.12 hydrocarbon stream together with molecular oxygen over a fixed bed containing a vanadium molybdate catalyst promoted with a novel cobalt tantalate having the formulaCoTa.sub.b O.sub.xwherein b is a number from about 1.0 to about 4.0 and x is a number from about 3.5 to about 11.0. The catalyst is prepared by calcining a slurry containing cobalt oxide and tantalum oxide, or their precursors, in at a temperature range from about 525.degree. to about 1200.degree. C. for about 1 to about 40 hours to obtain a cobalt tantalate, which is then slurried with a mixture of oxides of vanadium and molybdenum, or their precursors, dried, and then calcined at a temperature from about 300.degree. to about 650.degree. C. for about 0.5 to about 24 hours. A support can be used for the catalyst.

Abstract: A process for preparing acrylonitrile using novel compounds containing critical amounts of uranium, antimony and an element from Group IV B of the Periodic Table.

Abstract: Novel compounds particularly suitable as oxidation catalysts are prepared using critical amounts of uranium, antimony and tin.

Abstract: Novel compounds, particularly suitable as oxidation catalysts, are prepared using critical amounts of uranium, antimony and an element from Group IV B of the Periodic Table.