Abstract: One embodiment of a device to augment the pumping function of a weakened heart. A set of connectors with elastic properties are positioned immediately proximate to the outer surface of the heart. Each of the elastic connectors is attached at one end to a circumferential band firmly attached to the exterior surface of the heart at around the level of the atrioventricular groove, an anatomical feature of the heart. At the other end, each of said elastic connectors is attached to a cap attached firmly to the heart exterior of the heart at the anatomical apex. A mechanism places the elastic connectors alternatively under tension (stretch) then shortening (relaxation). When the elastic connectors are stretched they draw the apex and circumferential band together, resulting in external compression of the heart. This movement causes the internal volume of the cardiac ventricles to be reduced, thereby encouraging expulsion of the blood contents of the ventricles to be expelled.

Abstract: An appliance for protection against impact and strain injury and comprising an inner flexible web or sleeve (10, 15) adapted to be worn about a part of the body such as the lower leg and to conform closely to the shape thereof, and a series of interconnected outer rigid plates (18) attached to the inner web or sleeve (10, 15) such as to provide impact absorption and distribution whilst permitting relative movement between the plates and maintaining its position in use without restraining the wearer's bodily movement. The device is particularly intended to prevent injuries to sports people.