Abstract: The present disclosure provides a polycaprolactone composition or polycaprolactone that includes a reaction product of (i) one or more cyclic aliphatic initiator and (ii) one or more unsubstituted or substitute caprolactone monomer, wherein (a) the one or more cyclic aliphatic initiator is present in the range of about 1.0 wt % to about 95.0 wt %, (b) the one or more caprolactone monomer is present in the range of about 5.0 wt % to about 99.0 wt %, and (c) the polycaprolactone has an average molecular weight of about 400 g/mol to about 10,000 g/mol. The disclosure further provides methods of making the polycaprolactone compositions, polycaprolactones, compositions including the same, and methods of making and using the same.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides polymeric composition that includes a reaction product of: polycaprolactone co-polyol that includes a reaction product of hydroxyl-functional organic compound with ?-caprolactone and ?-caprolactone with one alkyl substituent, wherein the one or more hydroxyl-functional organic compound is present in the range of about 5.0 wt % to about 95.0 wt %, the ?-caprolactone is present in the range of about 5.0 wt % to about 95.0 wt %, the ?-caprolactone with one alkyl substituent is present in the range of about 5.0 wt % to about 95.0 wt %, and has an average molecular weight of about 500 g/mol to about 10,000 g/mol; one or more diisocyanate; and optionally diol chain extender, diamine chain extender, or a combination thereof, having a molecular weight of about 60.0 g/mol to about 600.0 g/mol, with an NCO:OH molar ratio of from about 0.9:1 to about 2:1.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides a polycaprolactone co-polyol composition that includes a reaction product of one or more hydroxyl-functional organic compound with ?-caprolactone and one or more ?-caprolactone with more than one alkyl substituent, wherein each of the alkyl substituents is independently selected, the one or more hydroxy-functional organic compound is present in the range of about 5.0 wt % to about 95.0 wt %, the ?-caprolactone is present in the range of about 5.0 wt % to about 95.0 wt %, the one or more ?-caprolactone with more than one alkyl substituent is present in the range of about 5.0 wt % to about 95.0 wt %, and the polycaprolactone co-polyol has an average molecular weight of about 500 g/mol to about 10,000 g/mol. The disclosure further provides methods of making the polycaprolactone co-polyol compositions, compositions including the same, and methods of making and using the same.

Abstract: Caprolactone polyols and polyurethane materials, prepolymers, and polyurethane elastomers including the same are described herein. The caprolactone polyol is made by a process including admixing caprolactone monomers and pentaspiroglycol (PSG) to form an initiator-caprolactone mixture or reaction mixture, adding one or more catalyst to the initiator-caprolactone mixture to form a reaction mixture, and polymerizing, such as ring opening polymerization, the caprolactone monomers in the reaction mixture, thereby forming the caprolactone polyol. The polyurethane elastomers includes a reaction product of one or more caprolactone polyol, optionally one or more additional polyol, and one or more isocyanate comprising two or more isocyanate groups. The polyurethane elastomers described herein have improved stain resistance, as compared to standard, commercially available polyols.

Abstract: Caprolactone polyols and prepolymer compositions, polyurethane dispersions, or waterborne polyurethanes including the same are described herein. The caprolactone polyol is made by a process including admixing caprolactone monomers and pentaspiroglycol (PSG) to form an initiator-caprolactone mixture or reaction mixture, adding one or more catalyst to the initiator-caprolactone mixture to form a reaction mixture, and polymerizing, such as ring opening polymerization, the caprolactone monomers in the reaction mixture, thereby forming the caprolactone polyol. The films or coatings comprising or produced from the prepolymer compositions, polyurethane dispersions, or waterborne polyurethanes described herein have improved mechanical properties and chemical resistance, as compared to standard, commercially available polyols.

Abstract: A quality of a formed layer of a build structure being fabricated by an additive manufacturing machine is assessed. A digital image is obtained of a portion of the formed layer of the build structure within a build layer. First region image data including data corresponding to a first region of the formed layer is separated, via a computer processor, from second region image data including data corresponding to one of or both a second region of the formed layer or a first region of the build layer outside of the formed layer based on a layer image template. A subset of image intensity data corresponding to a subset of the first region image data is analyzed, via the computer processor, to determine a characteristic value based on the analysis. An alert is sent, via the computer processor, when the characteristic value deviates from a preset range.

Abstract: An additively manufactured in-process structure includes, a base, a first cantilever element extending from the base, and a first heat sink adjacent to the first cantilever element and configured for absorbing heat from the first cantilever element during an additive manufacturing process. A gap is formed between the first cantilever element and the first heat sink and the first heat sink is spaced from any rigid substrate underlying and supporting the first heat sink.

Abstract: A caprolactone polyol and polyurethane materials or adhesives including the same are described herein. The caprolactone polyol is made by a process of admixing an initiator and a caprolactone monomers to form an initiator-caprolactone mixture or reaction mixture; adding a catalyst to the initiator-caprolactone mixture to form a reaction mixture; and polymerizing the caprolactone monomers in the reaction mixture, thereby forming the caprolactone polyol, wherein the initiator includes hydroquinone bis(2-hydroxyethyl)ether, dodecanediol, pentaspiroglycol, or a combination thereof. The polyurethane materials or adhesives described herein have decreased open time, while having decreased viscosity, improved adhesion, and improved tensile strength, as compared to caprolactone polyols prepared without the initiator of the present disclosure. Methods of making and using the caprolactone polyol and polyurethane materials or adhesives are also described herein.

Abstract: An additively manufactured in-process structure includes, a base, a first cantilever element extending from the base, and a first heat sink adjacent to the first cantilever element and configured for absorbing heat from the first cantilever element during an additive manufacturing process. A gap is formed between the first cantilever element and the first heat sink and the first heat sink is spaced from any rigid substrate underlying and supporting the first heat sink.

Abstract: Disclosed is a heating rod comprising a ceramic heating element, a strip shaped contact sheet, and a housing in which the heating element and the contact sheet are arranged. The contact sheet is coated with nickel.

Abstract: A heating rod having a plurality of ceramic heating elements, a first strip-shaped contact sheet, a second strip-shaped contact sheet, and a housing in which the plurality of heating elements and the contact sheets are arranged. The first contact sheet electrically contacts only a part of the plurality of the heating elements, and the second contact sheet electronically contacts a second part of the plurality of the heating elements.

Abstract: Disclosed is a process for production of a lactone copolymer by copolymerization of a reaction mixture comprising at least one lactone monomer, at least one second monomer and at least one catalyst and optionally at least one initiator/activator and/or at least one antioxidant, wherein said reaction mixture is pre-treated with an effective amount of at least one acid scavenger and wherein said copolymerization is performed in presence of an effective amount of said at least one acid scavenger.

Abstract: Disclosed is a heater comprising a PTC heating resistor based on barium titanate. The PTC heating resistor is printed onto a substrate. Also disclosed is a method for manufacturing such a heater.

Abstract: A temperature sensor includes a substrate, a platinum resistor arranged on at least one surface of the substrate, a protective layer covering at least a portion of the platinum resistor and a cover layer covering at least a portion of the protective layer, the cover layer including Al2O3, SiO2 and Y2O3. The cover layer may also include B2O3. A conductive wire may be electrically connected to the platinum resistor. A glass ceramic may be covering at least a portion of the conductive wire, platinum resistor, protective layer and cover layer.

Abstract: Disclosed is a heating rod comprising a ceramic heating element, a strip shaped contact sheet electrically contacting the heating element, and a housing in which the contact sheet and the ceramic heating element are arranged. The contact sheet is provided with slits originating from a longitudinal edge of the contact sheet.

Abstract: Disclosed is a heating rod comprising a ceramic heating element, a strip shaped contact sheet, and a housing in which the heating element and the contact sheet are arranged. The contact sheet is coated with nickel.

Abstract: A heating rod having a plurality of ceramic heating elements, a first strip-shaped contact sheet, a second strip-shaped contact sheet, and a housing in which the plurality of heating elements and the contact sheets are arranged. The first contact sheet electrically contacts only a part of the plurality of the heating elements, and the second contact sheet electronically contacts a second part of the plurality of the heating elements.

Abstract: Disclosed is an electrical heating device for heating the interior of a vehicle, comprising a plurality of PTC heating rods each comprising ceramic PTC heating resistors, heat sinks for transferring heat from the PTC heating rods to an air flow, and a holder holding the PTC heating rods. The PTC heating rods are connected in series to an NTC heating rod comprising at least one NTC resistor, wherein the NTC heating rod is held by the holder.

Abstract: Disclosed is a heating resistor comprising a body of a ceramic PTC resistor material with at least one face of the body coated by a layer of an NTC material. The combination of a PTC resistor and an NTC resistor limits the inrush current at the beginning of a heating process when the PTC resistor is still cold and therefore has a low electrical resistance. When the resistor is heated, the electrical resistance of the NTC resistor decreases while the electrical resistance of the PTC resistor increases. Thus, the electric current changes less until the PTC resistor reaches its critical temperature where its electrical resistance increases by several orders of magnitude. The lowering of electrical current at the beginning of the heating process is especially advantageous in applications that rely on a limited power supply, for example a car battery.