Abstract: A database archiving model error detection and correction system including an error detection module to detect a referential integrity error in a database archiving model. A column in a foreign key and/or a corresponding unique key column to the foreign key column may include an assigned data mask operation. The error detection module may detect the referential integrity error if a corresponding other column in a foreign key-unique key relationship does not have an identical assigned data mask operation, or if the assigned data mask operation will not result in a unique output value for a unique input value.

Abstract: A process is provided for the leaching of copper from chalcopyrite using ferric sulfate in which acceptable rates of leaching are achieved by controlling the surface potential of the chalcopyrite to an empirically determined “window” within the broad range of 350 to 450 mV. The most effective process conditions involve the selection of the said surface potential; the leach temperature; the pH of the leach solution; and the fineness of the grind of the chalcopyrite. The invention may be applied to both tank leaching and heap leaching processes.

Abstract: This invention provides apparatus for the growth of biomass from a supply of suitable nutrient wherein the volume of biomass and the size and shape of the units in which it is present within a vessel (10) in which the reaction takes place can be accurately controlled. Control is achieved by providing a support structure (14) for the biomass comprising one or more movable bodies each of which has an internal reticular structure defining a substantial voidage therein and which essentially fills with the biomass but which does not overfill since excess growth is restricted. Restriction can be achieved by removal of excess biomass or by removal of the bodies at the time that they become filled. The techniques are capable of numerous industrial applications including various biological fermentation processes as well as the purification of sewage and industrial effluents, for example.

Abstract: This invention provides a process and apparatus for the growth of biomass from a supply of suitable nutrient wherein the volume of biomass and the size and shape of the units in which it is present within a vessel (10) in which the reaction takes place can be accurately controlled. Control is achieved by providing a support structure (14) for the biomass comprising one or more movable bodies each of which has an internal reticular structure defining a substantial voidage therein and which essentially fills with the biomass but which does not overfill since excess growth is restricted. Restriction can be achieved by removal of excess biomass or by removal of the bodies at the time that they become filled. The techniques are capable of numerous industrial applications including various biological fermentation processes as well as the purification of sewage and industrial effluents, for example.

Abstract: This invention provides apparatus for the growth of biomass from a supply of suitable nutrient wherein the volume of biomass and the size and shape of the units in which it is present within a vessel (10) in which the reaction takes place can be accurately controlled. Control is achieved by providing a support structure (14) for the biomass comprising one or more movable bodies each of which has an internal reticular structure defining a substantial voidage therein and which essentially fills with the biomass but which does not overfill since excess growth is restricted. Restriction can be achieved by removal of excess biomass or by removal of the bodies at the time that they become filled. The techniques are capable of numerous industrial applications including various biological fermentation processes as well as the purification of sewage and industrial effluents, for example.

Abstract: This invention provides a process and apparatus for the growth of biomass from a supply of suitable nutrient wherein the volume of biomass and the size and shape of the units in which it is present within a vessel (10) in which the reaction takes place can be accurately controlled. Control is achieved by providing a support structure (14) for the biomass comprising one or more movable bodies each of which has an internal reticular structure defining a substantial voidage therein and which essentially fills with the biomass but which does not overfill since excess growth is restricted. Restriction can be achieved by removal of excess biomass or by removal of the bodies at the time that they become filled. The techniques are capable of numerous industrial applications including various biological fermentation processes as well as the purification of sewage and industrial effluents, for example.

Abstract: Disclosed is a process for leaching low sulphur materials for recovery of metals contained in them. The process includes leaching a first low sulphur material containing metal values with a leaching agent produced by bacterial oxidation of a second material by bacterial action thereby liberating metal values from the first material by a substantially indirect bioleaching process.