Abstract: Penetrating nozzles are disclosed for first penetrating standard commercial and residential building materials to form a relatively small entrance hole or opening and subsequently delivering water to the area to cool off superheated gases. Different water dispersion attachments may be used, including a spiral or screw-type attachment for providing a mist or fog to the area or straight stream nozzles for directing a stream of water in directions either parallel to the axis of the nozzle or at an angle 90.degree. thereto. The nozzles include a protector cap at the leading axial end thereof which is provided with a tip suitable for battering the surfaces or barrier and punch a hole through it. The protector tip is retained on the tubular attachment until the protector tip has penetrated the barrier and has been placed on the other side, at which time the application of water under pressure to the elongate dial causes the protector tip to be cast off or ejected.

Abstract: A shut-off control system for an oil/gas well casing is described which is intended to protect a discharge manifold from which the oil or gas is extracted. An explosion-proof bunker is positioned below the ground level and contains a valve which can be opened to permit flow of oil or gas through the well casing or to a closed condition in which the flow is inhibited. An actuator is mechanically coupled to the valve. A normally inaccessible closure system is provided which is at least partially disposed below ground level and is connected to the actuator for selectively controlling the condition of the actuator to permit or inhibit the flow of oil or gas through the well. In one embodiment, a fail-safe system is described which includes hydraulic accumulators in the bunker and a control circuit for monitoring and sensing alarm or abnormal conditions for automatically applying energy stored in the accumulators to the actuator to automatically close the flow of oil/gas in the well.

Abstract: A fault management apparatus and method are described for a system that includes at least one electro-mechanical or electro-hydraulic component, such as a system valve or main discharge pump in a process plant or water transmission line. An actuator is electrically coupled to the component for application of control signals to selectively actuate or de-actuate the component. A standby power supply, in the form of a uninterruptible power supply (UPS) stores sufficient electrical energy to energize the valve and/or the discharge pump to change the states thereof from one operational state to another. The UPS has sufficient electrical capacity to close a system valve to its fail-safe condition. The actuator can be actuated in a number of different ways, including sensing of failure of main power, manual activation or sensing of some emergency condition.