Abstract: An air-driven dental scaler has a scaling tool vibrated at a high frequency and low amplitude by a vibratory transducer having a ball within a chamber, a race in the chamber, and air inlets and air outlets arranged for admitting air under pressure into the chamber and directing the air toward the ball adjacent one of the opposite poles of the ball, the relative dimensions of the chamber and the ball providing a relatively small clearance between the ball and the chamber for enabling relatively high speed rotation of the ball within the race in the chamber, in response to the passage of the air under pressure through the inlets into the chamber and through the outlets out of the chamber, and the concomitant transmission of relatively high frequency, low amplitude vibrational energy from the rotating ball to the scaling tool.

Abstract: An air-driven dental scaler has a scaling tool vibrated at a high frequency and low amplitude by a vibratory transducer having a ball within a chamber, and air inlets and air outlets arranged for admitting air under pressure into the chamber and directing the air toward the ball adjacent one of the opposite poles of the ball, the relative dimensions of the chamber and the ball providing a relatively small clearance between the ball and the chamber for enabling relatively high speed rotation of the ball within the chamber, in response to the passage of the air under pressure through the inlets into the chamber and through the outlets out of the chamber, and the concomitant transmission of relatively high frequency, low amplitude vibrational energy from the rotating ball to the scaling tool.

Abstract: Apparatus and method for generating combustion products to be used to drive an engine converts a pressurized combustible mixture into combustion products in a combustion chamber, the combustion products being confined to the combustion chamber until the occurrence of a predetermined combustion condition in the combustion chamber, and then being released from confinement in the combustion chamber for conduct to the engine in response to the occurrence of the predetermined combustion condition in the combustion chamber, which predetermined combustion condition occurs when combustion of the combustible mixture essentially is complete, for maximizing fuel efficiency and minimizing the expulsion of pollutants from the combustion chamber.

Abstract: An improvement in an internal combustion engine of type in which a piston reciprocates in a cylinder to compress a charge of fuel within a combustion chamber within which the charge of fuel is ignited to burn and drive the piston through a power stroke, the improvement providing the combustion chamber with a first stage chamber and a second stage chamber communicating with one another through a valve operated in synchronism with reciprocation of the piston to close communication between the first stage chamber and the second stage chamber as the piston approaches top dead center so as to enable ignition and burning of a first portion of the charge of fuel in the first stage chamber, isolated from a second portion of the charge of fuel in the second stage chamber, and then to open communication between the first stage chamber and the second stage chamber to effect ignition of the second portion of the charge of fuel in the second stage chamber by the combustion products of the first portion of the charge of fu

Abstract: A dental scaler in which a scaling tool is coupled to a relatively rigid inner tubular member supported within an outer housing for vibration in response to relatively high speed rotation of a thin-walled tubular element located within an inner chamber in the inner tubular member and rotated by the passage of air, under pressure, through the inner chamber.

Abstract: In a preferred embodiment, a magnetic air turbine dental drill having bearing function is achieved by spaced-apart annular magnets having therebetween in spaced-apart relationship an intermediate annular third magnet with the magnetic poles of the three magnets aligned coaxially and with magnetic poles of the intermediate third magnet being positioned in opposing like-pole repelling relationships to spaced-apart juxtaposition poles of the first and second magnets, and the third magnet as an annulus having upper and lower concavely shaped faces substantially seated in a lower convex face of the first magnet of annulus shape and in an upper convex face of the second magnet of annulus shape, third magnet being fixedly mounted onto and revolvable with a coaxially aligned shaft extending through the apertures of the first and second annuluses in spaced-away relationship therefrom, resulting in angular opposing faces of the magnets exerting both axial and transverse stabilizing forces in stabilizing the shaft, util

Abstract: A powered dental scaler is disclosed of a type which drives a vibrating scaling tip in a circular or ellipsoidal pattern of motion. A scaling tip having working surfaces provided by the edges of an elongated, curved element which has a cross-sectional configuration in the shape of a multi-sided figure, e.g., a triangle or a diamond, is particularly useful with a scaler having this type of vibrational pattern. The scaler tip also has a curved free end portion terminating in a point. These configurations enable a dental operator to conduct important dental cleaning operations with a single hand-held instrument.

Abstract: In a preferred embodiment of the invention, a dental scaler for the cleaning of teeth in which the scraper is an air-driven vibrator having a scraper mounted on a distal end of a rigid tubular device, with the rigid tubular device being mounted within a resilient support permissive of vibrations of the rigid tubular device and the vibrations of the tubular device being brought about by the exiting of air onto an air-cushioned rotary wheel mounted around the tubular device rotatably, the rotation thereof resulting from the force of the air from preferably a plurality of ports permitting the air to exit from the ports against the inner surface of the air rotary wheel, and the rotation of the rotary wheel bringing about the vibrations which are imparted to the rigid shaft, while the firmly supported tubular shaft within the resilient support structure thereof itself amplifies the magnitude of the vibrations by itself vibrating and transmitting its vibrations back to the rotary wheel, the outlet ports from the tu