Abstract: Process for the chemical treatment of lignocellulose materials, in particular of at least one piece of wood, characterized in that said materials are subjected to impregnation by a chemical agent comprising hydrocarbonaceous chains, this agent being chosen from mixed anhydrides, except for the mixed anhydride of acetic/benzoic acid, said agent being suitable for providing covalent grafting of a plurality of hydrocarbonaceous chains to said materials.

Abstract: Process for the chemical treatment of lignocellulose materials, in particular of at least one piece of wood, characterized in that said materials are subjected to impregnation by a chemical agent comprising hydrocarbonaceous chains, this agent being chosen from mixed anhydrides, except for the mixed anhydride of acetic/benzoic acid, said agent being suitable for providing covalent grafting of a plurality of hydrocarbonaceous chains to said materials.

Abstract: Process for the chemical treatment of lignocellulose materials, in particular of at least one piece of wood, characterized in that said materials are subjected to impregnation by a chemical agent comprising hydrocarbonaceous chains, this agent being chosen from mixed anhydrides, except for the mixed anhydride of acetic/benzoic acid, said agent being suitable for providing covalent grafting of a plurality of hydrocarbonaceous chains to said materials.

Abstract: A process for the monomethylation of nitrogenous heterocycles having at least one nitrogen atom bonded to a hydrogen atom by reacting the nitrogenous heterocycle with dimethyl carbonate at a temperature of between 100° and 200° C. and a pressure of between 0.93×105 Pa and 1.07×105 Pa while methanol produced during the reaction is distilled off as it is formed.

Abstract: Process for the chemical treatment of lignocellulose materials, in particular of at least one piece of wood, characterized in that said materials are subjected to impregnation by a chemical agent comprising hydrocarbonaceous chains, this agent being chosen from mixed anhydrides, except for the mixed anhydride of acetic/benzoic acid, said agent being suitable for providing covalent grafting of a plurality of hydrocarbonaceous chains to said materials.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for the synthesis of aryl alkyl monoethers by reaction of a phenol compound, comprising one or more hydroxyl groups attached to the aromatic system, and of a dialkyl carbonate. It is a solvent-free process carried out at a pressure of between 0.93×105 Pa and 1.07×105 Pa, at a temperature of between 100° C. and 200° C., and in the presence of a catalyst chosen from the group consisting of alkaline carbonates and alkaline hydroxides. The dialkyl carbonate is added gradually to the reaction mixture.

Abstract: A process for making carbohydrate partial esters having a degree of esterification of from 1 to 6 involving the steps of: (a) providing a catalytically active mixture containing: (i) an alkali metal carbonate; and (ii) a fatty acid lower alkyl ester; (b) providing an emulsifier mixture containing: (iii) a glycose component having from 5 to 12 carbon atoms; and (iv) a carbohydrate partial ester; and (c) combining the catalytically active mixture with the emulsifier mixture, with vigorous stirring, to form an emulsion/dispersion containing particles having a mean diameter of from 10 to 60 &mgr;m.

Abstract: A process for the monomethylation of nitrogenous heterocycles having at least one nitrogen atom bonded to a hydrogen atom by reacting the nitrogenous heterocycle with dimethyl carbonate at a temperature of between 100° and 200° C. and a pressure of between 0.93×105 Pa and 1.07×105 Pa while methanol produced during the reaction is distilled off as it is formed.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for the synthesis of aryl alkyl monoethers by reaction of a phenol compound, comprising one or more hydroxyl groups attached to the aromatic system, and of a dialkyl carbonate. It is a solvent-free process carried out at a pressure of between 0.93×105 Pa and 1.07×105 Pa, at a temperature of between 100° C. and 200° C., and in the presence of a catalyst chosen from the group consisting of alkaline carbonates and alkaline hydroxides. The dialkyl carbonate is added gradually to the reaction mixture.

Abstract: The invention concerns a method for preparing an epoxide, in particular glycidol, wherein a cyclic organic carbonate, in particular glycerol carbonate, is heated under reduced pressure so as to carry out a reaction to contract the carbonate ring into an epoxide ring. According to the present invention, the reaction is carried out in a solid/liquid system in the presence of a polyol and a solid catalyst consisting of a type A zeolite or &ggr;-alumina. The method, which may be carried out continuously, enables the epoxide to be formed in a single step, the epoxide being exhausted in the form of vapor which only has to be extracted and separated from the carbon dioxide formed.

Abstract: A material formed from plant matter granules has the following size distribution, the percentages being expressed by weight of dry matter: between about 5 and 50% of the granules having a size of less than about 0.25 mm, between about 5 and 40% of the granules having a size of between about 0.25 and 0.5 mm, between about 15 and 60% of the granules having a size of between about 0.5 and 1 mm, between about 1 and 10% of the granules having a size of between about 1 and 1.25 mm, between about 0.5 and 7% of the granules having a size of between about 1.25 and 1.4 mm, between about 1 and 10% of the granules having a size of between about 1.4 and 1.7 mm, between about 0.1 and 10% of the granules having a size of between about 1.7 and 2.36 mm, and between about 0 and 10% of the granules having a size greater than about 2.36 mm.

Abstract: The invention concerns a method for preparing glycerol carbonate. This method consists of making urea and glycerol react at a temperature substantially between 90.degree. C. and 220.degree. C. in the presence of a catalyst bearing Lewis acid sites, in particular metallic or organometallic salts or supported metallic compounds. The invention enables glycerol carbonate to be obtained, by a catalytic carbamoylation/carbonation reaction, in a highly pure state under economic conditions.

Abstract: The invention concerns a process for the treatment of cross-linked polymeric materials based on E.V.A. (ethylene vinyl acetate) with a view to obtaining polymeric fragments having a lower molecular mass.The process consists of incorporating the polymeric materials, after reduction to a particulate form, in a solvent, notably aromatic and/or halogenated, suitable for diffusing into the interior of the polymeric network and for swelling the latter, and subjecting the reaction medium to a stream of ozone.This process ensures a controlled cleavage of the cross-linked molecules without total destruction of the polymer or disruption of the functional groups. The products obtained may notably be used as modifying agents for hydrocarbon binders or aggregates treated with a hydraulic binder or again as coating binders for granulates.

Abstract: A process for the production of an aromatic product having the aroma and taste of black truffles (tuber melanosporum) comprising combining dimethylsulfide and methyl-2 butanal, and optionally adding one of more compounds selected from the group consisting of acetaldehyde, methyl-2 propanal, butanone-2, methyl-2 propanol and methyl-2 butanol; the product may be enhanced even further by the addition of one of more of the compounds selected from the group consisting of propanal, anisol, acetone, propanol-1, butanol-2 and ethanol; the aromatic product may also be diluted in a food grade solvent such as a food oil.

Abstract: A method for processing aqueous sugar juice containing a mixture of aldehyde-function saccharides and ketonic-function saccharides for separating and selecting ketonic-function saccharides, comprising (a) producing a hydro-organic medium by mixing the juice with an active methylene ketonic compound, a calcium-based catalyst and preferably ethanol, (b) mixing the medium until furanic polyalcohol is formed by condensation of the ketonic compound and the aldehyde-function saccharides and (c) allowing the furanic polyalcohol to precipitate and separating it by physical means from the liquid medium.

Abstract: A process for making agar-agar from algae extraction juices and comprising: (a) placing the extraction juice in the presence of a cationic ion exchange resin conditioned into the Na.sup.+ form, then placing it (b) in the presence of an anion exchange resin conditioned into the Cl.sup.- and/or SO.sup.--.sub.4 form, then (c) optionally placing the juice in the presence of a cation ion exchange resin conditioned into the OH.sup.- form, (d) thereupon gelling the juice, (e) extracting the agar-agar from the obtained gel, and where called for (f) treating the obtained powder by placing it in contact with an ozone-loaded carrier gas. Such a process allows producing at reduced costs high-grade agar-agar, useful in particular in the medical, pharmaceutical and bioengineering fields.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for preparing aromatic or hetero-aromatic aldehydes by the Reimer-Tiemann formylation reaction. The process comprises employing a solid alkaline hydroxide in order to carry out the reaction in a solid/liquid medium and by adjusting the initial hydration rate of the medium to be higher than 0.05 moles of water per mole of initial compound and less than 1.5 moles of water per mole of alkaline hydroxide initially in the medium. Such a process makes it possible to substantially increase the yield of the Reimer-Tiemann reaction and to avoid tar formation entirely or in large part.

Abstract: The invention concerns a process for directly converting an aldehyde into an ethylene ester, of the type wherein the aldehyde is placed in the presence of an alkaline carbonate or bicarbonate and of a phosphonate into a solvent with an alcohol function. In the invention, an ethyl phosphonate or a methyl phosphonate is used and the solvent is an alcohol or a polyol including a hydrocarbon radical other than ethyl or methyl, this radical being that of the ethylenic ester to be produced. The process of the invention makes it possible to directly convert furan aldehyde or tetrahydrofuran aldehyde to produce an ethylenic ester with a furan ring or a tetrahydrofuran ring.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for manufacturing 5-hydroxymethylfurfural consisting of bringing a hexose into contact with a catalytic support in the form of a solution of said hexose in a strongly polar aprotic solvent, particularly dimethylsulfoxide, the 5-hydroxymethylfurfural formed being extracted by means of a solvent for the latter also brought into contact with the catalytic support. All of the operations are carried out preferably continuously, particularly by the counter-current principle.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of an ester of furan of the formula ##STR1## or ##STR2## wherein R.sub.1, R.sub.2, R.sub.3 and R.sub.4 are each hydrogen or hydrocarbon radicals containing at least one heteroatom comprising subjecting an ester of the formula ##STR3## wherein R.sub.5 is hydrogen or a hydrocarbon radical containing at least one heteroatom to a transesterification reaction with a furan alcohol of the formula ##STR4## in the presence of a catalyst comprising an alkaline carbonate other than lithium carbonate at a temperature of 0.degree. C. to 90.degree. C.