Abstract: An apparatus to communicate with a battery management system (BMS) of a battery includes a memory and a processor coupled to the memory. The apparatus further includes a first electrical conductor configured to connect the processor to a controller area network (CAN) bus connected to the battery management system (BMS) of the battery. The apparatus further includes a second electrical conductor configured to connect the processor to a first winding of a transformer of the battery. A second winding of the transformer is connected to a power line of the battery. The processor is further configured to receive first data from the BMS via the CAN bus, transmit second data based on the first data to the battery charger via the power line, receive third data from the battery charger via the power line, and transmit fourth data based on the third data to the BMS via the CAN bus.

Abstract: An apparatus includes a storage battery configured to be charged from an alternating current (AC) supply and an AC to direct current (DC) converter to convert the AC supply from AC to DC, such that DC power is output to the storage battery. The apparatus further includes a connector for connecting to a motive power battery. While the motive power battery is connected to the connector, the apparatus is configured to supply DC power to the motive power battery from at least one of the storage battery or the AC to DC converter to charge the motive power battery. While the motive power battery is not connected to the connector, the apparatus is configured to supply DC power to the storage battery to charge the storage battery.

Abstract: An apparatus to communicate with a battery management system (BMS) of a battery includes a memory and a processor coupled to the memory. The apparatus further includes a first electrical conductor configured to connect the processor to a controller area network (CAN) bus connected to the battery management system (BMS) of the battery. The apparatus further includes a second electrical conductor configured to connect the processor to a first winding of a transformer of the battery. A second winding of the transformer is connected to a power line of the battery. The processor is further configured to receive first data from the BMS via the CAN bus. transmit second data based on the first data to the battery charger via the power line. receive third data from the battery charger via the power line. and transmit fourth data based on the third data to the BMS via the CAN bus.

Abstract: A temperature and electrolyte sensor for a battery includes a probe that is electrically conductive and thermally conductive and configured to be disposed in a liquid electrolyte of the battery. The sensor further includes a thermal coupler coupled to the probe, a temperature determination circuit electrically thermally coupled to the probe and configured to output a signal indicative of a temperature of the probe, and a fluid detection circuit electrically coupled to the thermal coupler and configured to output a signal indicative of a presence of the liquid on the probe. The temperature determination circuit and fluid detection circuit may be disposed in a housing of the sensor, and the probe may extend from the housing.

Abstract: A battery charging system includes a direct current (DC) bus and a plurality of battery chargers connected to the DC e bus. Each of the plurality of battery chargers is configured to: electrically connect to a first battery having a first nominal voltage and supply first direct current (DC) power from the DC bus to the first battery at the first nominal voltage to charge the first battery. Each of the plurality of battery chargers is further configured to electrically connect to a second battery having a second nominal voltage different from the first nominal voltage and supply second direct current (DC) power from the DC bus to the second battery at the second nominal voltage to charge the second battery.