Abstract: Apparatus and methods for joining nodes to tubes with node to tube joints are presented herein. Joining techniques allow the connection of additively manufactured nodes to tubes. In an embodiment, at least one node may be joined to a tube and may be a part of a vehicle chassis. The node to tube joint connection incorporates adhesive bonding between the node to tube to realize the connection. Sealants may be used to provide sealed regions for adhesive injection, which are housed in sealing interfaces co-printed with the additively manufactured nodes. Additionally, seals may act as isolators and reduce galvanic corrosion.

Abstract: Systems and methods for additive manufacturing of vehicles are provided. An additive manufacturing apparatus can include a printer that additively manufactures structures for a vehicle, and multiple analysis components. Each analysis component can receive information based on a design model of the vehicle and analyze the information based on an analysis factor. Each analysis component analyzes the information based on a different analysis factor. An integrator can receives the analyzed information from the analysis components, update the design model based on the analyzed information, and determine whether the updated design model satisfies criteria. If the updated design model satisfies the criteria, the integrator determines printing instructions for the printer to print one or more structures of the vehicle based on the updated design model, and if the updated design model does not satisfy the criteria, the integrator sends information based on the updated design model to the analysis components.

Abstract: A high precision Interface Node is disclosed. The Interface Node includes an integrated structure including one or more complex or sophisticated features and functions. The Interface Node may connect with another component or a Linking Node. The Interface Node is manufactured to achieve high precision functionality while enabling volume production. Current additive manufacturing technologies allow for the printing of high precision features to be manufactured, but generally this is performed at a slower rate. Consequently, in one aspect, the size of the Interface Nodes is reduced in order to overcome at least part of the slower production volume caused by creating the high precision Interface Nodes. The components and Linking Nodes to which the Interface Node is connected may only have basic features and functions. Accordingly, this latter category of components may use a high print rate and thus high production volume.

Abstract: Techniques for optimizing powder hole removal are disclosed. In one aspect, an apparatus for inserting powder removal features may identify what powder removal features are optimal for a given AM component, as well as the optimal location and physical characteristics of these features. The features are automatedly added to the component, and an FEA test is run. In the event of failure, the offending feature is removed and the process is repeated. If successful then the loose powder may be removed in a post-processing step following AM.

Abstract: Apparatus and methods for additively manufacturing lattice structures are disclosed herein. Lattice structures are analyzed and automatedly generated with respect to surface proximity. A lattice structure is varied by changing lattice element variables including lattice density. An automated approach using CAD algorithms or programs can generate data for lattice structures based on design variables including volume, surface, angle, and position.

Abstract: Apparatus and methods for joining tubes in transport structures are presented herein. A part having an attached node with a socket can be joined with tubes. The tubes can be placed along nonparallel axes within the socket; and a wedge can be used to secure the tubes to the socket. The wedge can be secured between the tubes by using a fastener, such as a blind fastener; alternatively, or additionally, the wedge can be secured between the tubes using an adhesive.

Abstract: Apparatus and methods for joining nodes, extrusions, and panels are presented herein. Nodes, extrusions, and panels can be joined together using adhesive joining techniques. The adhesive joining techniques can be applied to additively manufactured nodes or extrusions, and sandwich panels. Sandwich panels can be additively manufactured and/or commercial off the shelf (COTS) components. There can be more than one type of a joint formed by the joining techniques. Exemplary types of j oints can use a liquid adhesive in conjunction with a vacuum and/or a film foam adhesive.

Abstract: One aspect is an apparatus including a node having a socket configured to receive a component and a detachable additively manufactured nozzle co-printed with the node and arranged for adhesive injection between the component and the socket. Another aspect is an additively manufactured apparatus including a first additively manufactured component having an area configured to receive a second additively manufactured component. The first component includes an adhesive channel for injecting adhesive into the area when the second component is being connected to the first component. Another aspect is an apparatus including a plurality of additively manufactured components each having an adhesive injection channel. The components are connected together such that adhesive injection channels are aligned to form an adhesive path that allows adhesive flow between the components.

Abstract: Connections between nodes and tubes are provided. An apparatus can include additively manufactured first and second nodes, a tube, and an interconnect connecting the tube to the first and second nodes. An apparatus can include a node having an end portion with inner and outer concentric portions forming an annular gap therebetween, and a tube having an end portion extending into the gap.

Abstract: Systems and methods of support structures in powder-bed fusion (PBF) are provided. Support structures can be formed of bound powder, which can be, for example, compacted powder, compacted and sintered powder, powder with a binding agent applied, etc. Support structures can be formed of non-powder support material, such as a foam. Support structures can be formed to include inductive components that can be used to facilitate removal of the support structures in the presence of an external magnetic field. Additionally, support structures can be formed to break when a fluid, such as air or water, creates a force and/or pressure at a connection point interface.

Abstract: Some embodiments of the present disclosure relate to additively manufactured vehicle exterior structures, designed to enclose the vehicle surface and support required operational loads. The vehicle structure includes cavities into which components that require an external interface are inserted. A plurality of components are assembled and integrated into the vehicle structure. The structure may be 3-D printed using multiple printing techniques applied in parallel or in series. In an embodiment, the components and structure are modular, use multiple materials and manufacturing techniques, and enable reparability and replacement of single parts.

Abstract: Some embodiments of the present disclosure relate to an additively manufactured transport structure. The transport structure includes cavities into which components that use an external interface are inserted. A plurality of components are assembled and integrated into the vehicle. In an embodiment, the components and frame are modular, enabling reparability and replacement of single parts in the event of isolated failures.

Abstract: Techniques for joining nodes and subcomponents are presented herein. An additively manufactured first node or subcomponent has a groove. An additively manufactured second node or subcomponent has a tongue configured to extend into and mate with the groove to form a tongue-and-groove connection between the first and second node or subcomponent. In some aspects, the tongue-groove connection may extend substantially around a periphery of the node or subcomponent. In other aspects, a first subcomponent having a fluid pipe interface may be coupled via a tongue-groove connection to a second subcomponent having a fluid pipe interface, thereby enabling fluid to flow between subcomponents of the resulting integrated component.

Abstract: One aspect is an apparatus including an additively manufactured first component and a captive nut contained within the first component for interconnecting the first component to a second component. Another aspect is an apparatus including a first additively manufactured component having a hole and a second additively manufactured component having a socket. The apparatus further includes a pin having a head engaging a surface of the first component and a shaft extending from the head through the hole in the first component and into the socket of the second component. Another aspect is an apparatus including first and second panels. The apparatus also includes a bolt having a head and a shaft extending from the head and a nut located at a distal end of the shaft. The first and seconds panels may be sandwiched between the bolt and nut to interconnect the first and second panels.

Abstract: Some embodiments of the present disclosure relate to an apparatus including an additively manufactured node. The apparatus includes an additively manufactured interconnect co-printed with the node. The interconnect is configured to connect the node to a component.

Abstract: Some embodiments of the present disclosure relate to an apparatus including an additively manufactured node having a socket. The apparatus includes a panel interconnected with node. The panel includes opposing surface layers and a core between at least a portion of the surface layers. The socket engages an end portion of the panel and shapes the surface layers on the end portion of the panel.

Abstract: Some embodiments of the present disclosure relate to an apparatus including an additively manufactured node having a socket. The apparatus includes one or more locating features co-printed with the node. The one or more locating features are configured to locate an end portion of a component in the socket.

Abstract: Apparatus and methods for joining panels are presented. Panels may be commercial off the shelf (COTS) panels and/or additively manufactured panels; and panels can be joined using an additively manufactured interconnect unit. Notches and protrusions can be formed in the panels and in the interconnect unit to facilitate the connection of the panels with the interconnect unit. In another approach a ribbed triangular prism can be manufactured using three dimensional (3D) printing. The panels can then be joined by inserting the ribbed triangular prism between the panels and by using an adhesive for bonding.

Abstract: Systems and methods of support structures in powder-bed fusion (PBF) are provided. Support structures can be formed of bound powder, which can be, for example, compacted powder, compacted and sintered powder, powder with a binding agent applied, etc. Support structures can be formed of non-powder support material, such as a foam. Support structures can be formed to include resonant structures that can be removed by applying a resonance frequency. Support structures can be formed to include structures configured to melt when electrical current is applied for easy removal.

Abstract: Systems and methods of support structures in powder-bed fusion (PBF) are provided. Support structures can be formed of bound powder, which can be, for example, compacted powder, compacted and sintered powder, powder with a binding agent applied, etc. Support structures can be formed of non-powder support material, such as a foam. Support structures can be formed to include inductive components that can be used to facilitate removal of the support structures in the presence of an external magnetic field. Additionally, support structures can be formed to break when a fluid, such as air or water, creates a force and/or pressure at a connection point interface.