Abstract: A method for denitrification of water, in which the water to be denitrified is made to flow over a porous carrier which comprises a transition metal, preferably palladium, used in an amount between 0.01 and 5% by weight on the carrier and on which denitrifying bacterial strains capable of surviving in the presence of hydrogen are made to adhere, and in which hydrogen is used as a reducing agent and the pH of the reaction is adjusted to values of 4.5 to 7.8 preferably by using carbon dioxide.

Abstract: Method for controlling the level of a liquid (2) contained in at least one vessel (3), which comprises the following operative steps: inserting a measure tube (1) in the liquid (2); arranging an auxiliary duct (6; 21) inside or outside the vessel (3); measuring the pressure in said measure tube (1); measuring the pressure in said auxiliary duct (6; 21); determining the difference between the pressures in the measure tube (1) and in the auxiliary duct (6; 21); determining the value of the density or the specific weight of the liquid (2) in the vessel (3); dividing said pressure difference by said value of the density or specific weight of the liquid (2). The present invention also relates to an apparatus for carrying out said method.

Abstract: A method for denitrification of water, in which the water to be denitrified is made to flow over a porous carrier which comprises a transition metal, preferably palladium, used in an amount between 0.01 and 5% by weight on the carrier and on which denitrifying bacterial strains capable of surviving in the presence of hydrogen are made to adhere, and in which hydrogen is used as a reducing agent and the pH of the reaction is adjusted to values of 4.5 to 7.8 preferably by using carbon dioxide.

Abstract: A method for denitrification of water, in which the water to be denitrified is made to flow over a porous carrier which comprises a transition metal, preferably palladium, used in an amount between 0.01 and 5% by weight on the carrier and on which denitrifying bacterial strains capable of surviving in the presence of hydrogen are made to adhere, and in which hydrogen is used as a reducing agent and the pH of the reaction is adjusted to values of 4.5 to 7.8 preferably by using carbon dioxide.

Abstract: Catalysts for the fluid-bed hydrodechlorination of carbon tetrachloride to chloroform having high catalytic stability and comprising platinum supported on microspheroidal gamma alumina, characterized in that the platinum is in the form of particles dispersed throughout the mass of the support.

Abstract: Method for controlling the level of a liquid (2) contained in at least one vessel (3), which comprises the following operative steps: inserting a measure tube (1) in the liquid (2); arranging an auxiliary duct (6; 21) inside or outside the vessel (3); measuring the pressure in said measure tube (1); measuring the pressure in said auxiliary duct (6; 21); determining the difference between the pressures in the measure tube (1) and in the auxiliary duct (6; 21); determining the value of the density or the specific weight of the liquid (2) in the vessel (3); dividing said pressure difference by said value of the density or specific weight of the liquid (2). The present invention also relates to an apparatus for carrying out said method.

Abstract: A method for denitrification of water, in which the water to be denitrified is made to flow over a porous carrier which comprises a transition metal, preferably palladium, used in an amount between 0.01 and 5% by weight on the carrier and on which denitrifying bacterial strains capable of surviving in the presence of hydrogen are made to adhere, and in which hydrogen is used as a reducing agent and the pH of the reaction is adjusted to values of 4.5 to 7.8 preferably by using carbon dioxide.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for preparing perhaloethers from perhaloolefins and to a few "per se" new classes of perhaloethers thereby obtained.The process consists in reacting a perhalomonoolefin with a fluoroxy compound R.sub.x --OF (wherein R.sub.x represents a perhalogenated alkyl radical) at a temperature not exceeding 20.degree. C. in a liquid reaction medium and in the presence of inert gases.

Abstract: A process for preparing perhaloethers from perhaloolefins by reacting at least one fluorooxy compound R.sub.x --OF, wherein R.sub.x is a perhaloalkyl radical, with a perfluoroolefin in a liquid phase, optionally containing an organic solvent inert to the perfluoroolefin, while maintaining the temperature of the liquid phase in the range of -30.degree. to -120.degree. C. The process includes continuously feeding to the liquid phase a stream of an inert gas and a gaseous stream of the fluorooxy compound.

Abstract: The invention relates to new peroxide perfluoropolyethers having formula: ##STR1## wherein: A and B are end groups,X represents a (R'O).sub.m R" group where R' is selected from the class consisting of ##STR2## and R" is a perfluoroalkyl group; the value of "m" ranging from 0 to 6. The invention relates also to processes for preparing said perfluoropolyethers and other classes of non peroxide perfluoropolyethers derived therefrom.

Abstract: The invention relates to new peroxide perfluoropolyethers having formula: ##STR1## wherein: A and B are end groups,X represents a (R'O).sub.m R" group where R' is selected from the class consisting of --CF.sub.2 --, --CF.sub.2 --CF.sub.2 -- and ##STR2## and R" is a perfluoroalkyl group; the value of "m" ranging from 0 to 6. The invention relates also to processes for preparing said perfluoropolyethers and other classes of non peroxide perfluoropolyethers derived therefrom.

Abstract: The invention relates to new peroxide perfluoropolyethers having formula: ##STR1## wherein: A and B are end groups,X represents a (R'O).sub.m R" group where R' is selected from the class consisting of ##STR2## and R" is a perfluoroalkyl group; the value of "m" ranging from 0 to 6. The invention relates also to processes for preparing said perfluoropolyethers and other classes of non peroxide perfluoropolyethers derived therefrom.

Abstract: In the process for preparing chlorotrifluoroethylene telomers by reaction of chlorotrifluoroethylene with CF.sub.3 CF or R.sub.x --CF.sub.2 OF (wherein R.sub.x may be also a perfluoroalkyl radical having 1 to 10 carbon atoms), the content of telomers with end groups --F is increased or mixtures of telomers containing species with end groups --Cl are obtained by adding F.sub.2, according to particular modalities, to the reaction medium.

Abstract: Preparing fluorinated conjugated olefinic products having, among others, the formulae:R.sub.x O--(CF.dbd.CF).sub.m --F (A)R.sub.x O--(CF.dbd.CF).sub.m --OR.sub.x (B)F--(CF.dbd.CF).sub.m --F (C)andR.sub.y --(CF.dbd.CF).sub.m --F (D)wherein:R.sub.x and R.sub.y represent, among others, a perhalogenated alkyl radical containing from 1 to 10 carbon atoms in the case of R.sub.x and from 1 to 9 carbon atoms in the case of R.sub.y, andm is a numeral in the range of from 2 to 10.These olefinic products are obtained by reacting telomeric products having, among others, the formulae:R.sub.x O--(CFCl--CFCl).sub.m --FR.sub.x O--(CFCl--CFCkl).sub.m --OR.sub.xF--(CFCl--CFCl).sub.m --F, andR.sub.y --(CFCl--CFCl).sub.m --Fwith zinc powder, at temperatures within the range of from 40.degree. C. up to 160.degree. C., in an organic solvent selected from among alcohols, dimethylformide and dimethylsulfoxide. Many of these products, among which those corresponding to formulae (A), (B) and (D), are new.

Abstract: Preparing fluorinated conjugated olefinic products having, among others, the formulae:R.sub.x O--(CF.dbd.CF).sub.m --F (A)R.sub.x O--(CF.dbd.CF).sub.m --OR.sub.x (B)F--(CF.dbd.CF).sub.m --F (C), andR.sub.y --(CF.dbd.CF).sub.m --F (D)wherein:R.sub.x and R.sub.y represent, among others, a perhalogenated alkyl radical containing from 1 to 10 carbon atoms in the case of R.sub.x and from 1 to 9 carbon atoms in the case of R.sub.y, andm is a numeral in the range of from 2 to 10.These olefinic products are obtained by reacting telomeric products having, among others, the formulae:R.sub.x O--(CFCl--CFCl).sub.m --FR.sub.x O--(CFCl--CFCl).sub.m --OR.sub.xF--(CFCl--CFCl).sub.m --F, andR.sub.y --(CFCl--CFCl).sub.

Abstract: Process for the preparation of a perfluoroacyl fluoride wherein the acyl radical is a propionyl or butyryl group, characterized in that perfluoroalkylvinylether wherein the alkyl radical is a methyl or ethyl group is thermally treated in the presence of a catalyst selected from the group consisting of:(A) a fluoride of Li, Na, K, Cs or Rb, or another compound of Li, Na, K, Cs or Rb which is easily fluorinated under the reaction conditions;(B) a fluoride of Be, Mg, Ca, Sr, or Ba, or another compound of Be, Mg, Ca, Sr, or Ba which is easily fluorinatable under the reaction conditions:(C) a fluoroaluminate, fluorosilicate, fluorotitanate or fluorometallate of an alkali metal, or of a metal belonging to group IIA of the Periodic Table, i.e.

Abstract: Silane quinacridone dyes, composite pigments obtainable therefrom by association with an inorganic substrate, and the processes for preparing them. The dyes have the general formula: ##STR1## wherein X is an --SO.sub.2 NHR group, where R is an alkyl group, linear or branched, having from 1 to 6 carbon atoms, a cycloalkyl group, a phenyl group optionally substituted by one or more alkyl or alkoxy groups (C.sub.1 -C.sub.6), a halogen;Y and Z indicate a silane group having the formula: ##STR2## wherein R.sub.1 is an alkoxy group (C.sub.1 -C.sub.2), R.sub.2 is an alkyl group (C.sub.1 -C.sub.4) or a phenyl group; n is 3, 4 or 5; q is 0 or 1; p and m are integers, such that when q is 1, p is 2 and m is 0, 1 or 2, and when q is 0, p is 3 and m is 0, 1, 2 or 3; W indicates an --SO.sub.3 H group; a, b and c are 0 or 1, selected in such a way that the sum a+b+c is equal to 1.

Abstract: Silane diimidic tetracarboxylic perylene dyes, the composite pigments obtainable therefrom by means of grafting onto an inorganic substrate, and the processes for preparing same.The dyes have the general formula: ##STR1## in which R is the residue of a silane group of formula: ##STR2## in which n is 3, 4 or 5; q is 0 or 1; p and m are such integers than when q is 0, p is 3 and m is 0, 1, 2 or 3, and when q is 1, p is 2 and m is 0, 1 or 2; R.sub.2 is an alkyl C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 or a phenyl; R.sub.3 is an alkoxyl C.sub.1 -C.sub.2 ; R.sub.1 may be the same as R or represent an alkyl C.sub.1 -C.sub.6, a cycloalkyl, a phenyl optionally substituted by one or more alkyl or alkoxyl groups C.sub.1 -C.sub.6 or a halogen.The dyes and the composite pigments obtained from said dyes are utilized in paints, air and stove enamels, in the pigmentation of plastic materials, and in printing inks.

Abstract: Silane diimidic tetracarboxylic perylene dyes, the composite pigments obtainable therefrom by means of grafting onto an inorganic substrate, and the processes for preparing same.The dyes have the general formula: ##STR1## in which R is the residue of a silane group of formula: ##STR2## in which n is 3, 4 or 5; q is 0 or 1, p and m are such integers than when q is 0, p is 3 and m is 0, 1, 2 or 3, and when q is 1, p is 2 and m is 0, 1 or 2; R.sub.2 is an alkyl C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 or a phenyl; R.sub.3 is an alkoxyl C.sub.1 -C.sub.2 ; R.sub.1 may be the same as R or represent an alkyl C.sub.1 -C.sub.6, a cycloalkyl, a phenyl optionally substituted by one or more alkyl or alkoxyl groups C.sub.1 -C.sub.6 or a halogen.The dyes and the composite pigments obtained from said dyes are utilized in paints, air and stove enamels, in the pigmentation of plastic materials, and in printing inks.

Abstract: This invention relates to organic dyes containing silane groups; composite pigments obtainable by grafting said dyes onto an inorganic substrate; and, the respective processes for preparing said dyes and composite pigments.The dyes have general formula: ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1 and R.sub.2, which may be equal or different, are selected from the group consisting of H, --NH.sub.2, --NHR wherein R is an alkyl group having from 1 to 4 carbon atoms or a phenyl group, --NHCOCH.sub.3, --NHCOC.sub.6 H.sub.5, --NO.sub.2, a halogen, --OH, --O--C.sub.6 H.sub.5 and --S--C.sub.6 H.sub.5 ; n is a number selected from 3, 4 and 5; W is selected from the group consisting of an alkyl group having from 1 to 4 carbon atoms and a phenyl group; Y is an alkoxy group having from 1 to 4 carbon atoms; q is a number selected from 0 and 1; X is 3 and m is a number selected from 0, 1, 2 and 3 when q is 0; x is 2 and m is a number selected from 0, 1 and 2 when q is 1.