Abstract: The present invention relates to a method and a system of determining correspondence between location sets. A basic idea of the present invention is to provide a scheme in which correspondence between location sets is determined. A feature location set (X) comprising a number (n+1) of components is transformed into a feature vector that can be used in an HDS. Therefore, a feature density function (ƒjs(x)) is created. A feature vector (XF) for the HDS is chosen to be a sampled version of the feature density function (ƒX,g(x) ), which results in feature vectors of equal and finite dimensions regardless of the number (n+1) of features that are present in the biometric template XT from which the location sets is derived. Thereafter, a distance (d) between two feature location sets (X, Y) is determined. The distance (d) between the sets is chosen to be the Euclidian distance between the corresponding feature density functions.

Abstract: The invention relates to an optical identifier (30) for generating an identification signal in response to an incident radiation beam (12), and to a corresponding method. In order to provide an optical identifier (30) which can be produced by a simplified process and which has nevertheless a sufficient or even improved stability against environmental interferences it is proposed that said identifier comprises a carrier layer (32), at least partially transparent to said radiation beam (12), having a first scattering face (34) comprising a plurality of randomly oriented partial faces for scattering at least a part of said radiation beam (12), wherein said identification signal is formed by a scattered part of said radiation beam (12). Further, a device comprising said identifier, and a reading apparatus for identifying the identifier are proposed.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for detecting blood flow in or at a subject's fingertip (20) or other body part, in which Doppler-shifted measuring beam radiation (18) is reflected by the red blood cells and re-enters the laser cavity of the laser diode (10), so as to effect changes in operation thereof, such changes being representative of the blood flow. The apparatus may be incorporated in a fingerprint sensor as a “liveness” detector.

Abstract: A disc drive apparatus (1) for optical discs (2) comprises: a frame (3); a sledge (10) displaceably mounted with respect to said frame (3); a lens actuator (43, 21) displaceably mounted with respect to said sledge (10); and a control unit (90) for generating a control signal (SCL) for the lens actuator (43, 21). The control unit (90) is designed, during a jump operation, to generate said control signal (SCL) for the lens actuator (43, 21) on the basis of an actuator deviation signal (SAS) representing a difference between actuator position (XA) and sledge position (XS).

Abstract: The invention provides a method for authenticating a physical object (OBJ) using a first helper data (W1) and a first control value (V1) associated with a reference object. The method comprises a step to generate a first property set (S1) using a noise compensating mapping (NCM) on information derived from the first helper data (W1) and a metric data (Y) associated with the physical object, and a step to establish a sufficient match between the physical object and the reference object using the first property set (S1) and the first control value (V1). The method further comprises a step to generate an update data (WUPD) for updating the first helper data (W1) using the first helper data (W1), the first property set (S1) and the metric data (Y). Also provided is a client terminal configured to carry out the method.

Abstract: The invention relates to an optical identifier (30) for generating an identification signal in response to an incident radiation beam (12), and to a corresponding method. In order to provide an optical identifier (30) which can be produced by a simplified process and which has nevertheless a sufficient or even improved stability against environmental interferences it is proposed that said identifier comprises a carrier layer (32), at least partially transparent to said radiation beam (12), having a first scattering face (34) comprising a plurality of randomly oriented partial faces for scattering at least a part of said radiation beam (12), wherein said identification signal is formed by a scattered part of said radiation beam (12). Further, a device comprising said identifier, and a reading apparatus for identifying the identifier are proposed.

Abstract: An optical identifier (1) can be used as a Physical Unclonable Function for producing a speckle pattern, as a response, upon being challenged with a light beam, as a challenge. This property can be used for identification of the optical identifier or of an object attached thereto, for the authentication of an information carrier or for generation of transaction keys. Since the response obtained in response to given challenge is highly sensitive to the relative position of the optical identifier, light beam source and detector for the speckle pattern, this relative position has to be accurately adjusted to reliably obtain the same response to a given challenge. To this aim, an optical identifier is proposed having an alignment area (3) for splitting an incident beam into distinct beams (6, 7) which can be detected as alignment signals (10a, 10b, 10c, 10d) on a detector (8) and used for the monitoring and for the adjustment of said relative position.

Abstract: A system 100 for authenticating a physical product 110, such as a banknote, including at least one physical product and a verification device 130. The physical product including a random distribution of a plurality of physically detectable particles 112 in a substrate of the product. In association with the physical product, a digital representation (114) is stored (‘stored representation’) of measured physical properties of the particles including an actual distribution of at least some of the particles, where the physical properties are measured through reflection and transmission. The verification device includes a measurement unit 450 for determining a digital representation (‘measured representation’) based on measurements of physical properties of the particles, including an actual distribution of at least some of the particles, through reflection and transmission; and a comparison unit 470 for comparing the measured representation with the stored representation.

Abstract: In order to create a record carrier having a side-channel which cannot be copied with a channel-bit recorder, the record carrier (1) has a modulated spiral. By modulating one or more of the spiral parameters, like the channel bit length or the track pitch, a side-channel is created. If a record carrier having such a side-channel is copied using a channel-bit recorder, the information present in the side-channel is lost. The number of bits to be stored in the modulated spiral can be selected as desired; also the way in which the bits are present can be selected; the bits can e.g. can be stored in different bands (A,B,C,D) present on the record carrier, in which band the spiral parameter modulated can be kept constant.

Abstract: The invention relates to a personal identification method and to a corresponding apparatus. Their elements are mainly a light source emitting a beam of light towards a target, a first imaging module receiving a return beam coming back from said target and displaying an image of the target of a first type, and a second imaging module also receiving said return beam and displaying an image of the target of a second type. An identification module allows to combine the information given by said image of a first type and said image of a second type and to identify, or not, a person according to a similarity criterion.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method and apparatus for characterizing acoustical properties of an outer ear 130, the method comprising the steps of: transmitting a first acoustic signal 125 towards the outer ear 130, receiving a second acoustic signal 150 from the outer ear 130, and characterizing acoustical properties 165 of the outer ear on the basis of the second acoustic signal 150. The method is characterized in that the first acoustic signal 125 comprises at least one of the following elements: music, and speech. The present invention further relates to a method and apparatus for enrolling, authenticating and identifying a person on the basis of acoustical properties of an outer ear 130.

Abstract: An optical arrangement of at least a coherent light source (1), a strongly scattering object (5) (the PUF), and a pixe-lated photo-detector (6), wherein the pixels are comparable in size with the bright and dark patches of the speckle pattern produced by coherent radiation traversing the scattering object (5). Quantitively, the pixel size should be roughly ?/NA, where ? is the wave-length, and (i) NA=a/z for free-space geometry, with a being the beam radius and z being the distance between the exit surface of the PUF (5) and the pixelated detector (6), or (ii) NA is the numerical aperture of a lens (7) in an imaging geometry. In a preferred embodiment of the invention, there are tentative requirements that the pixels should be at least smaller than ?max?NA and preferably larger than ?max?/NA, where (in an exemplary embodiment) ?max=5 and ?min=0.05, say.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a device (100, 200, 300) and a method for creating challenge-response pairs. A basic idea of the present invention is to create a challenge in the form of light emitted onto a light scattering element (103, 203), which light will be scattered in the light scattering element and detected as a response to the challenge by light detecting elements (105, 205). The light scattering element comprises a transmissive material which contains randomly distributed light scattering particles (104, 204), which scatter incident light such that a random speckle pattern is created and spread over the light detecting elements. This random pattern is detected by the light detecting elements, and is known as the response to the challenge (i.e. the light) that was supplied to the light scattering element. Hence, a challenge-response pair is created.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for detecting blood flow in or at a subject's fingertip (20) or other body part, in which Doppler-shifted measuring beam radiation (18) is reflected by the red blood cells and re-enters the laser cavity of the laser diode (10), so as to effect changes in operation thereof, such changes being representative of the blood flow. The apparatus may be incorporated in a fingerprint sensor as a “liveness” detector.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method of enabling authentication of an information carrier (105), the information carrier (105) comprising a writeable part (155) and a physical token (125) arranged to supply a response upon receiving a challenge, the method comprising the following steps; applying a first challenge (165) to the physical token (125) resulting in a first response (170), and detecting the first response (170) of the physical token (125) resulting in a detected first response data (175), the method being characterized in that it further comprises the following steps; forming a first authentication data (180) based on information derived from the detected first response data (175), signing the first authentication data (180), and writing the signed authentication data (185) in the writeable part (155) of the information carrier (105).

Abstract: This invention relates to methods and devices for verifying the identity of a person based on a sequence of feature components extracted from a biometric sample. Thereafter, the feature components are quantized and assigned a data bit sequence in such a way that adjacent quantization intervals have a Hamming distance of 1. The data bit sequences are concatenated into a bit string, and said bit string is combined with a helper data set by using an exclusive disjunction (XOR) operation into a codeword. Finally, the codeword is decoded into a secret V and a secret S is matched with the secret V.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method of authentication of a physical object and an apparatus applying said method. The method uses a helper data (W1) and a control value (V1) associated with a reference object to generate a first property set (C1) using the helper data (W1) and a metric (Y) associated with the physical object. It further comprises a step to generate a second property set (S1) using a noise compensating mapping (NCM) on the first property set (C1), as well as a step to establish a sufficient match between the physical object and the reference object using the second property set (S1) and the first control value (V1). The method is characterized by a step that generates an error measure (ERR) by quantifying the noise removed by the noise compensating mapping (NCM) using the first property set (C1) and information derived from the noise compensating mapping (NCM). Error measure (ERR) is subsequently used for generating an authentication decision (D).

Abstract: A relative movement sensor for measuring movement of an object (15) and the sensor relative to each other, the sensor comprising a plurality of lasers (3,5) for generating respective measuring beams and illuminating the object (15) therewith, and a plurality of respective photodiodes (4,6) for measuring changes in operation of each laser cavity caused by reflected measuring beam radiation re-entering the respective laser cavity and the optical wave in the laser cavity. The plurality of lasers (3,5) are operated in a time-multiplexed manner such that only a subset (i.e. one or more) of the lasers is operated at any one time, the remaining lasers being idle. This reduces peak power dissipation and prevents erroneous interference caused by measuring beam radiation from one laser entering the cavity of another laser.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for measuring blood flow in living tissue and a device for performing the method. The device comprises a laser and a photo sensor. The laser is arranged to illuminate (10) the tissue in such a way that a portion of the light beam, scattered by the tissue, re-enters the laser in order to obtain a self-mixing effect. The resulting light, that is registered (11) as an electric signal by the photo sensor, contains a speckle pattern that is depending on blood cell movement in the tissue. A Fourier transform is applied (12) to this signal and an exponential fit is applied (13) to the resulting frequency domain spectrum. Thereby parameters corresponding to the amount of blood cells and the average velocity of these cells may be obtained.

Abstract: The invention relates to an identification system, wherein the identifier is a body comprising an inhomogeneous material, which body is identified by subjecting it to mechanical vibrations, in particular acoustic vibrations, observing how the propagation of this mechanical vibrations is affected by inhomogeneities present in the body, and recognizing the body on the basis of a previous observation. Such an identifier body can be associated with an information carrier, allowing for the authentication of the information carrier, and for a conditional access or a copy protection scheme which can be relied upon. The acoustic identification according to the invention can be seen as an alternative to the optical identification of a body, which is known in the art, which alternative, compared to the optical identification, is characterized by higher robustness, various simplifications in the identification system and lower costs of implementation. The invention can also be applied for the generation of keys.