Abstract: A control device and a method for estimating distance to empty for a vehicle are provided. The method comprises determining an estimated duration of transient temperature behavior of the vehicle for a planned upcoming driving event based on predicted driving conditions of the vehicle for the planned upcoming driving event. The method further comprises determining an average rolling resistance coefficient during the transient tire rubber temperature behavior based on the determined estimated duration of transient tire rubber temperature behavior and a predetermined transient rolling resistance coefficient model according to which a transient rolling resistance coefficient is calculated as a function of ambient temperature.

Abstract: A control device and a method for estimating a driving range for a vehicle. The method comprises, based on available driving energy for the vehicle, estimating distance to empty taking into account an estimated variation in rolling resistance of the vehicle, wherein said estimated variation in rolling resistance of the vehicle is determined using a predetermined transient rolling resistance model into which transient tire temperature effects on rolling resistance are incorporated.

Abstract: A splice for joining ends of reinforcing bars includes a sleeve having internal threads, and a clamp for pushing the reinforcing bars and the threads together, causing the threads to bite into the bars. The clamp may include threaded couplers that pass through holes in the sleeve, allowing the threaded couplers to themselves bite into or otherwise engage the ends of the reinforcing bars. The splice may have such internal threads at both ends, or alternatively, may be internally threaded on one of its ends, and may use another type of coupling on the opposite end.