Abstract: This invention relates to methods for preventing or reducing spasms in smooth muscle, using an agent that elevates the level of one or more nucleotide in the muscle, or an agent which comprises a toxin. The invention also relates to the use of such agents in the manufacture of a medicament for preventing or reducing spasms in smooth muscle.

Abstract: The present invention relates to the use of a compound of formula (1): wherein: R1 comprises a carbonyl group and R2 is a hydrocarbyl group; optionally wherein said ring is further substituted; or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof; in the manufacture of a medicament for use in one or more of: modulating the release of intracellular calcium from a store controlled by nicotinic acid adenine dinucleotide phosphate; modulating calcium spikes in mammalian cells; treating diseases in one or more of brain, heart, pancreatic cells (e.g. pancreatic acinar and pancreatic beta cells), immune cells, T-cells, haemopoietic cells including phagocytes; treating diseases in one or more of brain, heart, pancreatic cells (e.g.