Abstract: A remote-access device typically used for tagging items, a reader device for the same, system and methods of such devices. The remote-access device has an advanced capability that the device is able to signal by an advanced capability code. The device or the system may carry advanced capability data that can be used to utilize or enhance the advanced capability. The advanced capability data may be stored at the remote-access device, at the reader or in the system at a computer. The results of the advanced functionality may be logged onto a database or they may be stored back to the remote-access device. The advanced capability code, data and results may be stored onto the remote-access device in protected form, and the access key may be derived from identification information on the remote-access device.

Abstract: An interleaver (11b) for filling an interleaver matrix (51) used in interleaving a packet of bits for transmission as symbols via a wireless communication channel in a wireless communication system (11 12) including a modulator (11c), the interleaver (11b) having a number of rows (or columns, depending on whether bits are pulled column-wise or row-wise for encoding as symbols by the modulator) that is not divisible by the number of bits in a symbol, but having at least as many bits as in a packet, and so having, unavoidably, more elements than there are bits in a packet.

Abstract: A method for stabilizing a tunnel junction component, in which a mask is formed on the surface of a substrate, and conductors are constructed by evaporation onto the substrate in an evaporation chamber, and at least one thin oxide layer element is oxidized on top of a selected conductor. This remains partly under the following conductor, thus forming a tunnel junction element with those conductors and titanium (Ti) or another gettering substance is evaporated on top of the said following conductor, before the tunnel junction component is removed from the evaporation chamber, when the titanium layer thus created protects the tunnel junction element from the detrimental effects of air molecules.

Abstract: An interleaver (11b) for filling an interleaver matrix (51) used in interleaving a packet of bits for transmission as symbols via a wireless communication channel in a wireless communication system (11 12) including a modulator (11c), the interleaver (11b) having a number of rows (or columns, depending on whether bits are pulled column-wise or row-wise for encoding as symbols by the modulator) that is not divisible by the number of bits in a symbol, but having at least as many bits as in a packet, and so having, unavoidably, more elements than there are bits in a packet.

Abstract: A method for stabilizing a tunnel junction component, in which a mask is formed on the surface of a substrate, and conductors (3, 4) are constructed by evaporation onto the substrate in an evaporation chamber, and at least one thin oxide layer element (5) is oxidized on top of a selected conductor (3). This remains partly under the following conductor (4), thus forming a tunnel junction element (2) with those conductors (3, 4), and titanium (Ti) or another gettering substance is evaporated on top of the said following conductor (4), before the tunnel junction component is removed from the evaporation chamber, when the titanium layer (7) thus created protects the tunnel junction element (2) from the detrimental effects of air molecules.

Abstract: A micro refrigerator includes two NIS, normal metal/insulator/superconductor tunnel junction refrigerators formed on a substrate connected in series in a SINIS structure, with a common normal metal element connected therebetween and the superconducting elements outside. The refrigerator includes an insulating membrane thermally isolated from the substrate, and the common normal metal element includes a protrusion extending to the insulating membrane, which refrigerates the insulating membrane and an object placed on the insulating membrane.