Abstract: A safety circuit coupled between a first direct current (DC) circuit and a second DC circuit, wherein the first DC circuit supplies power to the second DC circuit. The safety circuit comprises a first series connection between positive poles of the first and second DC circuits (the first series connection comprising a first diode, a second diode and a first controllable switch), a second series connection between negative poles of the first and second DC circuits (the second series connection comprising a third diode, a fourth diode and a second controllable switch), a first energy storage device (coupled between the positive pole of the second DC circuit and the first terminal of the second controllable switch), and a second energy storage device (coupled between the negative pole of the second DC circuit and the first terminal of the first controllable switch).

Abstract: Methods and apparatus, including computer program products, are provided for adaptation of WLAN selection thresholds. In one aspect there is provided a method, which may include receiving, at a user equipment, information including one or more thresholds for use when evaluating a selection of a wireless local area network access point for offloading; comparing, by the user equipment, a quality of an access provided by the wireless local area network access point selected in accordance with the one or more thresholds to another quality provided by a cellular access point; reporting, by the user equipment, a result of the comparing; and receiving, by the user equipment in response to the reporting, additional information including one or more adjusted thresholds for use when evaluating wireless local area network access point selection. Related systems, articles of manufacture, and the like are also disclosed.

Abstract: A safety circuit coupled between a first direct current (DC) circuit and a second DC circuit, wherein the first DC circuit supplies power to the second DC circuit. The safety circuit comprises a first series connection between positive poles of the first and second DC circuits (the first series connection comprising a first diode, a second diode and a first controllable switch), a second series connection between negative poles of the first and second DC circuits (the second series connection comprising a third diode, a fourth diode and a second controllable switch), a first energy storage device (coupled between the positive pole of the second DC circuit and the first terminal of the second controllable switch), and a second energy storage device (coupled between the negative pole of the second DC circuit and the first terminal of the first controllable switch).

Abstract: A method comprises, in a carrier aggregation system having multiple component carriers, utilizing an air interface based collision avoidance procedure on at least one component carrier that is associated to a cellular radio access technology to check that a radio resource in the at least one component carrier is available; and thereafter communicating on the radio resource using the cellular radio access technology only if the check reveals that the radio resource is available.

Abstract: In accordance with an example embodiment of the present invention, an apparatus comprising: at least one processor; and at least one memory including computer program code, wherein the at least one memory and the computer program code are configured to, with the at least one processor, cause the apparatus to perform at least the following: establish connection with a first cell and a second cell, wherein the connection with the first cell and the second cell is configured in a time division multiplexing pattern; determine the connection with the second cell failed; and indicate to the first cell that the connection with the second cell has failed.

Abstract: In accordance with an example embodiment of the present invention, there is provided an apparatus comprising a transceiver configured to support operation of the apparatus in accordance with a first radio access technology, RAT, and a second radio access technology, RAT, the transceiver being configured to receive an indication conveyed over the second radio access technology, the indication indicating that data is incoming to the apparatus and that the data is to be conveyed over the first radio access technology, and at least one processing core configured to, responsive to the indication, cause the apparatus to receive the data by operating in accordance with the first radio access technology.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus, including computer program products, are provided for providing a preference to a user equipment to indicate how the user equipment should respond to a paging message and the like. The method may include receiving, at a user equipment, an indication representative of whether the user equipment should respond to a base station or respond to an access point; and accessing, based on the received indication, at least one of the base station or the access point to enable offloading to the access point. Related apparatus, systems, methods, and articles are also described.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus, including computer program products, are provided for adaptation of WLAN selection thresholds. In one aspect there is provided a method, which may include receiving, at a user equipment, information including one or more thresholds for use when evaluating a selection of a wireless local area network access point for offloading; comparing, by the user equipment, a quality of an access provided by the wireless local area network access point selected in accordance with the one or more thresholds to another quality provided by a cellular access point; reporting, by the user equipment, a result of the comparing; and receiving, by the user equipment in response to the reporting, additional information including one or more adjusted thresholds for use when evaluating wireless local area network access point selection. Related systems, articles of manufacture, and the like are also disclosed.

Abstract: In a non-limiting and example embodiment, a method is provided for controlling usage of prioritized radio channels, comprising: detecting (310), by a secondary user apparatus, an interference limitation of a first radio channel for which a primary user apparatus has priority over the secondary user apparatus, selecting (320), by the secondary user apparatus, the first radio channel for communication with another apparatus to a first direction after detecting the interference limitation, and selecting (330), by the secondary user apparatus, a second radio channel for communication with the other apparatus to a second direction, opposite to the first direction.

Abstract: A method includes scheduling, by a base station configured to service a cell within a cellular communication network, multiple grants to an apparatus in a coverage area of the cell. Each of the scheduled multiple grants includes time-frequency resources in at least one shared spectrum that is to be used by the apparatus to attempt to communicate. Each of the scheduled multiple grants differs from others of the scheduled multiple grants in one or both of time or frequency. The method includes sending indications of the scheduled multiple grants. Another method includes receiving, at the apparatus in the cell, indications of the multiple grants and attempting by the apparatus to communicate using one or more of the multiple grants. Apparatus, computer programs, and program products are also disclosed.

Abstract: A method, apparatus, and computer program for configuring a terminal device of a cellular system to propose aggregation of unlicensed frequencies for the use of the terminal device. A network element receiving the proposal processes the proposal and configures the aggregation of the unlicensed frequencies.

Abstract: Eliminating or reducing transmission of common signals for enhanced spectral efficiency, improved support for heterogeneous networks, network energy saving possibilities, can be obtained by apparatuses and methods according to certain embodiments. A method for operating a user equipment can include receiving a measurement object from a network for detection of one or more predetermined type cells. A cell search can be conducted. When a predetermined type cell is found, cell specific reference signal hopping parameters can be determined. Then, radio resource management measurement can be performed from the cell specific reference signal hopping parameters.

Abstract: In accordance with an example embodiment of the present invention, there is provided an apparatus, comprising a memory configured to store at least one first parameter, at least one processing core configured to control, using a cognitive radio principle, radio transmission using a first radio access technology, wherein the at least one first parameter is used in the cognitive radio principle, wherein the at least one processing core is configured to select the at least one first parameter in dependence of at least one second parameter, wherein the at least one second parameter at least one of relates to a second radio access technology and comprises a length of a last burst or silent period of the first radio access technology.

Abstract: In accordance with an example embodiment of the present invention, an apparatus comprising: at least one processor; and at least one memory including computer program code, wherein the at least one memory and the computer program code are configured to, with the at least one processor, cause the apparatus to perform at least the following: establish connection with a first cell and a second cell, wherein the connection with the first cell and the second cell is configured in a time division multiplexing pattern; determine the connection with the second cell failed; and indicate to the first cell that the connection with the second cell has failed.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus, including computer program products, are provided for reporting WLAN-related information. In one aspect there is provided a method. The method may include receiving, at a user equipment, a request from a cellular radio access network to obtain information about a wireless local area network, wherein the request comprises at least one of a logged measurement configuration, a measurement configuration, or a trace procedure; and reporting, in response to the request, at least one of a measurement representative of a wireless local area network access point, a load experienced by the wireless local area network access point, or a capacity experienced by the wireless local area network access point. Related apparatus, systems, methods, and articles are also described.

Abstract: Certain embodiments generally relate to WiFi radio availability information, such as, but not limited to methods, apparatuses, and systems for providing WiFi radio availability information for WLAN (Wireless Local Area Network)/3GPP (Third Generation Partnership Project) radio interworking purposes. For example, the method may include determining an availability of a non-cellular access, which is interworking with a cellular access, for an user equipment. The method may also include deciding whether to off-load at least part of the traffic of the user equipment to the non-cellular access based at least in part on the determined availability.

Abstract: A combination (10) of a replaceable filter element (21) and a core element (38) is provided, the filter element comprising a tubular wall (25) of filtration medium for collecting material in a fluid stream passing through the tubular wall (25), a first end part (26) and a second end part. The core element (38) comprises a perforated tube (39) having transverse outer dimensions smaller than transverse inner dimensions of the tubular wall (25), and a bypass valve member (35) provided at one end of the perforated tube (39). The bypass valve member (35) is tubular and moveably attached to the perforated tube (39) for movement in axial direction with respect to the perforated tube (39) between an extended position and a retracted position. The first end part (26) of the filter element (21) comprises an axial passage (29) configured to receive the bypass valve member (35) slideable and sealingly.

Abstract: Various communication systems may benefit from synchronized physical layer reconfiguration among user equipment, macrocell and small cell in macrocell-assisted small cell deployments. A method may include dynamically changing a physical layer configuration of transmission of uplink control information in a network. The method may also include applying the dynamic change of the physical layer configuration between at least one user equipment and at least two transmitting devices The method may also include performing random access channel procedures for a physical layer reconfiguration between at least one user equipment and at least two transmitting devices.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus, including computer program products, are provided for providing a preference to a user equipment to indicate how the user equipment should respond to a paging message and the like. The method may include receiving, at a user equipment, an indication representative of whether the user equipment should respond to a base station or respond to an access point; and accessing, based on the received indication, at least one of the base station or the access point to enable offloading to the access point. Related apparatus, systems, methods, and articles are also described.

Abstract: A method and apparatus can be configured to perform steps comprising receiving channel-state information of at least one channel in a frequency band from at least a subset of a plurality of transmission nodes. The method may further comprise coordinating reserving of the at least one channel for a set of transmission nodes within the plurality of transmission nodes. The coordinating may be based on the received channel-state information to allow simultaneous transmission on the at least one channel by the set of transmission nodes. The method may further comprise communicating reservation information for the at least one channel to the set of transmission nodes.