Abstract: Procedures, methods, architectures, apparatuses, systems, devices, and computer program products are provided for network-initiated wireless transmit/receive unit (WTRU) registration. WTRU methods and systems include scanning for and receiving a first system information block (SIB) including network-initiated registration (NIR) information from a wireless network, where the WTRU is not registered with the wireless network and the scanning is based on a scanning configuration. The methods and systems further include transmitting a request for a second SIB to the wireless network based on the NIR information of the first SIB indicating that additional NIR information is available and receiving the second SIB, which includes the additional NIR information. The methods and system additionally include transmitting a registration request to the wireless network based on the NIR information and on the additional NIR information, where the wireless network registers the WTRU based on the registration request.

Abstract: A method implemented by a wireless transmit/receive unit (WTRU) is disclosed. The method may comprise determining to enter a powered down state and determining a temporary identifier. The method may also comprise sending the temporary identifier to an ambient internet of things (AIoT) device and sending a request to a network to subscribe to a power on or wake-up procedure. The request may include at least the temporary identifier. Further, the method may comprise sending a notification to the AIoT device indicating the WTRU is entering the powered down state and entering the powered down state. Additionally, the method may comprise receiving a wake-up message from the AIoT device and exiting the powered down state in response to receiving the wake-up message from the AIoT device.

Abstract: A method, performed by a wireless transmit/receive unit (WTRU), includes transmitting, to a wireless network, first information indicating WTRU sensing capabilities and indicating consent information associated with sensing operations. The method includes receiving, from the wireless network, second information indicating a sensing restriction policy and an initiation instruction. The sensing restriction policy is generated by a core network of the wireless network based on any one or more of restriction areas, a sensing entity allow list, a sensing entity block list, one or more regulations, one or more privacy laws, or user consent. The method includes configuring the WTRU for the sensing operations based on the sensing restriction policy. The method includes performing sensing operations based on the initiation instruction and on the sensing restriction policy to generate sensing measurement information.

Abstract: A wireless transmit/receive unit (WTRU) may include one or more processors. The WTRU may establish a multi-personal internet of things (IoT) network (PIN) protocol data unit (PDU) session associated with sending and receiving data among an external network and a first PIN and a second PIN. The WTRU may receive a first non-access stratum (NAS) message from the external network. The first NAS message may include a deactivation indication associated with the second PIN. The WTRU may receive data from the second PIN in the multi-PIN PDU session. The WTRU may determine to block the data received from the second PIN in the multi-PIN PDU session based on the deactivation indication. The WTRU may send a second NAS message to the external network that indicates that the traffic from the second PIN will be blocked for the multi-PIN PDU session.

Abstract: A wireless transmit/receive unit (WTRU) may receive traffic descriptor determination rules that indicate an association of uplink personal internet of things network (PIN) traffic types to traffic descriptors. The WTRU may receive user equipment route selection policy (URSP) rules that indicate how to route uplink PIN traffic based on one or more PIN identifiers (IDs) and at least one of the traffic descriptors. The WTRU may receive uplink PIN traffic associated with a PIN ID of the one or more PIN IDs. The WTRU may determine a traffic descriptor for the received uplink PIN traffic based on the received traffic descriptor determination rules. The WTRU may select a protocol data unit (PDU) session for sending the uplink PIN traffic based on evaluation of the URSP rules using the PIN ID and the determined traffic descriptor.

Abstract: A first wireless transmit/receive unit (WTRU) may be used to provide an SL. positioning service. The first WTRU may comprise a processor. A solicitation message may be received from a second WTRU. The solicitation message may indicate a status of a second WTRU and may indicate service information associated with an SL positioning service, It may be determined that the first WTRU is capable of providing the SL positioning service based on the status of the second WTRU and the service information. A response message may be sent to the second WTRU when the first WTRU is capable of providing the SL positioning service.

Abstract: A method performed by a WTRU includes receiving a first list, the first list comprising a network slice-set of preferred PLMNs or SNPNs, the first list associated with one or more SNSSAI and PLMN/SNPN prioritization information, receiving an allowed NSSAI list that does not include a first S-NSSAI in the first list, detecting an event associated with the first S-NSSAI, the event comprising one of (i) a detection that uplink application traffic is associated with the first S-NSSAI that is not part of the allowed NSSAI list, or (ii) sending a PDU Session Request that includes the first S-NSSAI and receiving a PDU Session Rejection message or receiving an indication that the first S-NSSAI is a rejected S-NSSAI, selecting a PLMN/SNPN among multiple PLMN/SNPNs on the first list, and registering with the selected PLMN/SNPN and sending a requested NSSAI list that includes at least the first S-NSSAI.

Abstract: A method may be implemented by a wireless transmit/receive unit (WTRU), including sending a first message to the network indicating that the WTRU can determine a value of a Non-Access Stratum (NAS) layer parameter. Configuration information may be received from a network, indicating whether the WTRU is permitted to determine the value of the NAS layer parameter and whether the WTRU is to report the value to the network prior to utilizing the value. The value may be determined based on the at least one condition associated with the WTRU. The value of the NAS layer parameter may be a timer value. The value of the NAS layer parameter may be applied to a NAS procedure performed by the WTRU. A second message may be sent to the network, comprising an indication of the value of the NAS layer parameter or an indication that the WTRU has applied the value.

Abstract: An embodiment of a wireless-transmit-receive unit (WTRU) is configured to send, to a network, a first request to access a first group of one or more network slices while the WTRU is within a tracking area (TA), to receive, from the network in response to the first request, an indication that at least one of the network slices is available in the TA and a denial of access to the at least one of the available network slices, to determine that a restriction-clearing event has occurred, and to send, to the network in response to determining that a restriction-clearing event has occurred, a second request to access a second group of one or more network slices including the at least one of the available network slices to which the network denied access.

Abstract: A wireless transmit/receive unit (WTRU) may trigger a search for a hosting network based on one or more of a request from a user for localized service, a periodic search, a loss of coverage, or meeting one or more validity conditions of the localized service. The WTRU may select one of a closed access group (CAG) or a stand-alone non-public network (SNPN) based on one or more of a universal subscriber identity module (USIM) elementary file, a user preference in local non-volatile memory (NVM) storage, a last searched technology, a power-up sequence preference, a value provided by a network, or a WTRU camped status. The WTRU may register with the CAG or SNPN based on the selection of the CAG or SNPN. One or more of the USIM elementary file, the power-up sequence preference, or the value provided by the network may be received by the WTRU in configuration in-(HNSM) formation.

Abstract: A WTRU may determine to align a DRX cycle of the WTRU with respective DRX cycles of one or more remote WTRUs connected to the WTRU. The WTRU may determine a specific identifier to request based on respective POs of the one or more remote WTRUs and/or a PO of the WTRU. The WTRU may send a first message to the network. The first message may include a specific identifier and/or a DRX indication that indicates a request to align the DRX cycle of the WTRU with the respective DRX cycles of the two or more remote WTRUs. The WTRU may receive a second message from the network indicating to use the specific identifier and/or an available DRX cycle. The WTRU may send a third message to the one or more remote WTRUs that indicates the specific identifier, the DRX indication, and/or the available DRX cycle.

Abstract: Methods for use in an ambient internet of things (AIoT) function (AIoTF) in a cellular core network, as well as an AIoTF node, are described. In one embodiment, the method comprises receiving, from an AIoT application function (AF), a first AIoT inventory request message including an AIoT device identifier. The AIoTF selects an AIoT reader based on AIoT device configuration information associated with the AIoT device identifier. The AIoTF transmits, to an AIoT device associated with the AIoT device identifier via the selected AIoT reader, a second AIoT inventory request message. Then, the AIoTF receives, from the AIoT device via the selected AIoT reader, an AIoT inventory response message. The AIoTF may select an AIoT reader further based on AIoT reader configuration information.

Abstract: A wireless transmit/receive unit (WTRU) may be configured to send a discovery request to an edge enabler server (EES). The discovery request may include an indication of an application client (AC) at the WTRU, an indication of a group profile associated with the AC, and AC authorization credentials. The WTRU may also receive a discovery response message. The discovery response message may include information associated with an edge application server (EAS) for the AC, and an indication that the AC is authorized for a group session with the EAS. The WTRU may further provide the information associated with the EAS to the AC for communication with the EAS.

Abstract: A wireless transmit/receive unit (WTRU) may be configured to receive a group profile. The WTRU may send a provisioning request message to an Edge Configuration Server (ECS). The WTRU may further receive an indication of an Edge Enabler Server (EES) associated with the group profile from the ECS in response to the provisioning request message, and send a discovery request message to the EES. The WTRU may receive a discovery response message with information indicating one or more Edge Application Servers (EASs). Moreover, the WTRU may select an EAS based on the discovery response message, and send a provisioning request message to the EES.

Abstract: An integrated sensing assistance function (ISANF) may receive, from an Application Function (AF), a request for the establishment of a sensing service. The request may comprise configuration of triggering events for the initiation of the requested sensing service. The triggering events may be associated with a Wireless Transmit-Receive Unit (WTRU) mobility event or data session status. The ISANF may subscribe to an event exposure service from a first Network Function (NF) based on the configured triggering events. The ISANF may receive an event notification from the first NF, which may trigger the sensing service. The ISANF may select a sensing mechanism to be used. The sensing mechanism may be network-based, WTRU-based or collaboration-based sensing. The ISANF may send a sensing request to a second NF in the 5GC. The ISANF may receive sensing results from the second NF and forward the received sensing results to the requesting AF.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus for service continuity for personal IoT network (PIN) elements (PINEs) are described. A first message is received from a PIN server, including context information containing an identifier for a PINE, an identifier for a session for the PINE with an application server, and an identifier for a first PIN gateway (PEGC) providing 3GPP network services to the PINE for the session. A second message is received from the first PEGC, which indicates loss of connectivity with the PINE and includes the identifier for the PINE and the context information. It is determined that the PINE is authorized to connect to a second PEGC. The context information is updated to include an identifier for the second PEGC. A third message is sent to the second PEGC, which contains the identifier for the PINE, the updated context information and an indication to activate service continuity for the PINE.

Abstract: Systems, methods, and instrumentalities are disclosed herein for end-to-end link management via a wireless transmit/receive unit (WTRU)-to-WTRU relay. A device (e.g., a relay WTRU) may receive, from a first WTRU, a first message, wherein the first message includes a link release request. The device may determine that a second WTRU has an end-to-end connection with the first WTRU via the device. For example, the device may determine the end-to-end connection based on a list of WTRUs having an end-to-end connection with the first WTRU via the device including the second WTRU. The list of WTRUs having an end-to-end connection with the first WTRU may be managed by the device and/or be received from the first WTRU. The device may send an indication that the first WTRU is no longer available via the device to the second WTRU.

Abstract: A reader device may receive a request including a permanent device identifier (PDI) for an ambient-power-enabled internet of things (AIoT) device. The reader device may generate an encrypted temporary device identifier (ETDI) based on application of an encryption algorithm to the PDI. Further, the reader device may obtain a short-ETDI based on application of a bitmask to the ETDI. Also, the reader device may transmit, over a radio interface, a trigger message including the short-ETDI to the AIoT device. Moreover, the reader device may receive, over the radio interface, a random access (RA) response message including the short-ETDI from the AIoT device. In an example, the request may be an inventory request, and the inventory request may be received from an AIoT function. Further, the request may include an indication that encryption is supported by the AIoT device.

Abstract: A wireless transmit/receive unit (WTRU) with a processor and memory may be configured to receive a sensing request. The sensing request may indicate one or more parameters for performing a sensing operation, a sensing operation triggering condition, and a reporting triggering condition. The WTRU may be configured to determine that the sensing operation triggering condition is satisfied. Upon determining that the sensing operation triggering condition is satisfied, the WTRU may be configured to perform the sensing operation indicated in the sensing request. The WTRU may be configured to determine that the reporting triggering condition is satisfied. Upon determining that the reporting triggering condition is satisfied, the WTRU may be configured to send a sensing report based on the reporting triggering conditions and in accordance with the one or more sensing parameters indicated in the sensing request.

Abstract: A method, implemented in a WTRU is described herein. The method may include sending a request message to a first network element of a first network, the request message indicating at least one of (i) a capability of the WTRU to support unified network selection and (ii) one or more second networks, receiving a response message from the first network element of the first network, the response message indicating (i) that unified network selection may be supported by the first network and (ii) a list of second networks, selecting a cell associated with a second network of the list of second networks, and sending a registration message to a second network element of the second network via the selected cell using credentials that may have been used to register with the first network.