Abstract: Global transcriptional profiling of CTLs in tumors and adjacent non-tumor tissue from treatment-naïve patients with early stage lung cancer revealed molecular features associated with robustness of anti-tumor immune responses. Major differences in the transcriptional program of tumor-infiltrating CTLs were observed that are shared across tumor subtypes. Pathway analysis revealed enrichment of genes in cell cycle, T cell receptor (TCR) activation and co-stimulation pathways, indicating tumor-driven expansion of presumed tumor antigen-specific CTLs. Marked heterogeneity in the expression of molecules associated with TCR activation and immune checkpoints such as 4-1BB, PD1, TIM3, was also observed and their expression was positively correlated with the density of tumor-infiltrating CTLs.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are isolated follicular helper T cell (TFH) and engineered follicular helper T cell (TFH) and methods of isolating or engineering such cells. Further disclosed herein are methods of using such cells for treating diseases, such as cancer.

Abstract: Global transcriptional profiling of CTLs in tumors and adjacent non-tumor tissue from treatment-naive patients with early stage lung cancer revealed molecular features associated with robustness of anti-tumor immune responses. Major differences in the transcriptional program of tumor-infiltrating CTLs were observed that are shared across tumor subtypes. Pathway analysis revealed enrichment of genes in cell cycle, T cell receptor (TCR) activation and co-stimulation pathways, indicating tumor-driven expansion of presumed tumor antigen-specific CTLs. Marked heterogeneity in the expression of molecules associated with TCR activation and immune checkpoints such as 4-1BB, PD1, TIM3, was also observed and their expression was positively correlated with the density of tumor-infiltrating CTLs.