Abstract: A hydrocarbon is reacted with water in the presence of a catalyst to form hydrogen, carbon monoxide, and carbon dioxide. Hydrogen is selectively allowed to pass through a hydrogen separation membrane to a permeate side of a reactor, while water and carbon-containing compounds remain in a retentate side of the reactor. An outlet stream is flowed from the retentate side to a heat exchanger. The outlet stream is cooled to form a cooled stream. The cooled stream is separated into a liquid phase and a vapor phase. The liquid phase is flowed to the heat exchanger and heated to form steam. The vapor phase is cooled to form condensed water and a first offgas stream. The first offgas stream is cooled to form condensed carbon dioxide and a second offgas stream. The steam and the second offgas stream are recycled to the reactor.

Abstract: A method for capturing CO2 from a gas stream using a metal organic framework (MOF) based physisorbent CO2 concentrator is provided. In the method, MOF material is pretreated, a gas stream is then introduced into the CO2 concentrator which comprises the pretreated MOF material. CO2 from the gas stream is captured with the CO2 concentrator to generate a CO2-free stream, which is discharged the from the CO2 concentrator into the atmosphere. Introduction of the gas stream into the CO2 concentrator is stopped when the pretreated MOF material becomes saturated with CO2. The CO2 concentrator with the saturated MOF material is then regenerated by introducing hot air, hot nitrogen, vacuum, or a combination thereof into the CO2 concentrator thereby generating a CO2-rich stream. The CO2-rich stream is diverted for purification and the regenerated CO2 concentrator is recycled for future capture of CO2.

Abstract: A method and an electrocatalytic electrode for electrochemically reducing carbon dioxide to methanol are provided. An exemplary electrocatalytic electrode includes copper (I) oxide crystals electrodeposited over an atomically smooth copper electrode.

Abstract: A system and method of producing hydrogen, including converting hydrocarbon to methane via steam and pre-reforming catalyst in a pre-reformer, converting the methane to hydrogen and carbon dioxide by steam reforming via a reforming catalyst in a membrane reformer, diffusing through hydrogen through a tubular membrane in the membrane reformer.

Abstract: A hydrocarbon is reacted with water in the presence of a catalyst to form hydrogen, carbon monoxide, and carbon dioxide. Hydrogen is selectively allowed to pass through a hydrogen separation membrane to a permeate side of a reactor, while water and carbon-containing compounds remain in a retentate side of the reactor. An outlet stream is flowed from the retentate side to a heat exchanger. The outlet stream is cooled to form a cooled stream. The cooled stream is separated into a liquid phase and a vapor phase. The liquid phase is flowed to the heat exchanger and heated to form steam. The vapor phase is cooled to form condensed water and a first offgas stream. The first offgas stream is cooled to form condensed carbon dioxide and a second offgas stream. The steam and the second offgas stream are recycled to the reactor.

Abstract: A method for forming an atomically smooth surface on a copper electrode through electropolishing and the atomically smooth surface are provided. An exemplary method for forming an atomically smooth surface by electropolishing includes placing a copper foil in an electrolyte solution including ethylene glycol and phosphoric acid. The copper foil is coupled to a current source. Current is applied to the copper foil to electropolish the copper foil. The electropolishing is stopped when the electropolishing is completed.

Abstract: A method and a system for the coproduction of hydrogen, electrical power, and heat energy. An exemplary method includes desulfurizing a feed stream to form a desulfurized feed stream, reforming the desulfurized feed stream to form a methane rich gas, and providing the methane rich gas to a membrane separator. A hydrogen stream is produced in a permeate from the membrane separator. A retentate stream from the membrane separator is provided to a solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC). Electrical power is produced in the SOFC from the retentate stream.

Abstract: A carbon dioxide containing fluid is flowed through a membrane in an open position. The membrane encapsulates an adsorbent bed operating at a first temperature. The adsorbent bed adsorbs at least a portion of the carbon dioxide of the carbon dioxide containing fluid. The membrane is adjusted to a closed position, thereby isolating the adsorbent bed and preventing fluid flow into and out of the membrane. The adsorbent bed is heated to a second temperature, thereby desorbing the carbon dioxide captured from the carbon dioxide containing fluid. The membrane is adjusted to the open position. The adsorbent bed is cooled to the first temperature.

Abstract: An apparatus includes a housing that defines a first zone, a second zone, a third zone, and a fourth zone. The apparatus includes an inlet, a first outlet, a second outlet, and a conveyor belt. The inlet is configured to receive a carbon dioxide-containing fluid in the first zone. The first outlet is configured to discharge a carbon dioxide-depleted fluid from the first zone. The second outlet is configured to discharge a carbon dioxide-rich fluid from the third zone. The conveyor belt passes through each of the zones. The conveyor belt includes a carbon dioxide sorbent. Within the first zone, the carbon dioxide sorbent is configured to adsorb carbon dioxide from the carbon dioxide-containing fluid to produce the carbon dioxide-depleted fluid. Within the third zone, the carbon dioxide sorbent is configured to desorb the captured carbon dioxide to produce the carbon dioxide-rich fluid.

Abstract: A method for forming an atomically smooth surface on a copper electrode through electropolishing and the atomically smooth surface are provided. An exemplary method for forming an atomically smooth surface by electropolishing includes placing a copper foil in an electrolyte solution including ethylene glycol and phosphoric acid. The copper foil is coupled to a current source. Current is applied to the copper foil to electropolish the copper foil.

Abstract: A method and an electrocatalytic electrode for electrochemically reducing carbon dioxide to methanol are provided. An exemplary electrocatalytic electrode includes copper (I) oxide crystals electrodeposited over an atomically smooth copper electrode.

Abstract: The removal of carbon dioxide using sequestration materials that include salts in molten form, and related systems and methods, are generally described.

Abstract: Systems and methods for direct crude oil upgrading to hydrogen and chemicals including separating an inlet hydrocarbon stream into a light fraction and a heavy fraction comprising diesel boiling point temperature range material; producing from the light fraction syngas comprising H2 and CO; reacting the CO produced; producing from the heavy fraction and separating CO2, polymer grade ethylene, polymer grade propylene, C4 compounds, cracking products, light cycle oils, and heavy cycle oils; collecting and purifying the CO2 produced from the heavy fraction; processing the C4 compounds to produce olefinic oligomerate and paraffinic raffinate; separating the cracking products; oligomerizing a light cut naphtha stream; hydrotreating an aromatic stream; hydrocracking the light cycle oils to produce a monoaromatics product stream; gasifying the heavy cycle oils; reacting the CO produced from gasifying the heavy cycle oils; collecting and purifying the CO2; and processing and separating produced aromatic compounds int

Abstract: Systems for accelerated carbonation curing of a pre-cast cementitious structure may include an ejector and a curing chamber downstream of the ejector. The ejector may be operable to combine a lesser-pressure carbon dioxide containing stream from a carbon dioxide source with a greater-pressure steam to produce a mixed stream including at least steam and carbon dioxide. The mixed stream may have a pressure greater than the pressure of the lesser-pressure carbon dioxide containing stream. The curing chamber may be operable to receive the mixed stream from the ejector and contact the mixed stream with the pre-cast cementitious structure to cure the pre-cast cementitious structure. Processes for accelerated carbonation curing of pre-cast cementitious structures using the systems are also disclosed.

Abstract: A system and method for converting (dry reforming) natural gas (methane) and carbon dioxide via reformer catalyst in a dry reformer into syngas including carbon monoxide and hydrogen, and discharging the syngas to a Fischer-Tropsch (FT) reactor. Supplemental hydrogen is generated via water electrolysis and added to the syngas in route to the FT reactor to increase the molar ratio of hydrogen to carbon monoxide in the syngas. The syngas may be converted via FT catalyst in the FT reactor into FT waxes.

Abstract: A cementitious print head and a cementitious printing methodology may include a feed barrel, a print head nozzle, a CO2 supply, a steam supply, a selective valve assembly in communication with the CO2 supply and the steam supply, a plurality of dual use extrusion head injectors, and a print head controller. The print head controller is operatively coupled to the selective valve assembly and is programmed to execute a CO2 and steam injection protocol where steam may be selected for injection by the extrusion head injectors into a cementitious composition as it is extruded from the print head nozzle to enhance a hydration reaction and formation of hydroxide in the cementitious composition before CO2 may be selected for injection by the extrusion head injectors into the cementitious composition as it is extruded from the print head nozzle to enhance a carbonation reaction in the cementitious composition.

Abstract: A system and method of producing hydrogen, including converting hydrocarbon to methane via steam and pre-reforming catalyst in a pre-reformer, converting the methane to hydrogen and carbon dioxide by steam reforming via a reforming catalyst in a membrane reformer, diffusing through hydrogen through a tubular membrane in the membrane reformer.

Abstract: A system and method for producing hydrogen from hydrocarbon and steam, including a membrane reformer with multiple membrane reactors each having a tubular membrane. The bore of the tubular membrane is the permeate side for the hydrogen. The region external to the tubular membrane is the retentate side for carbon dioxide. A sweep gas flows through the bore to displace hydrogen in a direction countercurrent to flow of hydrocarbon and steam in the region external to the tubular membrane. The method includes discharging hydrogen as permeate with the sweep gas from the bore, and discharging carbon dioxide in the region external to the tubular membrane as retentate from the membrane reactor.

Abstract: The removal of carbon dioxide using sequestration materials that include salts in molten form, and related systems and methods, are generally described.

Abstract: A processing facility is provided that includes a feedstock separation system configured to separate a feed stream into a lights stream and a heavies stream, a hydrogen production system configured to produce hydrogen and carbon dioxide from the lights stream, and a carbon dioxide conversion system configured to produce synthetic hydrocarbons from the carbon dioxide. The processing facility includes a hydroprocessing system configured to process the heavies stream.