Abstract: A control device for automatic transmission includes a flow control mechanism for introducing a part of hydraulic oil discharged from a mechanical oil pump into the mechanical oil pump when a differential pressure between an upstream side and a downstream side of a narrow part provided in a discharge passage in which hydraulic oil discharged from the mechanical oil pump flows becomes larger than a predetermined value. Air mixed into the hydraulic oil is compressed by increasing a line pressure as a differential rotation speed increases when oil temperature of the hydraulic oil is equal to or higher than a predetermined oil temperature and an engine torque is equal to or lower than a predetermined engine torque.

Abstract: A femtosecond laser with stabilized output, and a method for stabilizing the output of a femtosecond laser. The femtosecond laser comprises a regenerative amplifier, a photodetector, a control portion and a variable attenuator, wherein the variable attenuator is provided so as to be capable of controlling an output beam of the regenerative amplifier, the photodetector is provided between the regenerative amplifier and the variable attenuator, the photodetector detects an output beam of the regenerative amplifier and transmits the results of the detection to a power controller, and the power controller controls the variable attenuator depending on the a difference between a predetermined target value and the results.

Abstract: A proximity sensor 717 comprising a combination of an arbitrarily selected one of a plurality of types of detection end modules 707, a plurality of types of output circuit modules 709 and a plurality of types of outer shell cases 711. The detection end module 707 includes an integrated arrangement having a detection coil assembly (705, 701, 702) with the detection characteristic self-completed by a mask conductor 700 for reducing the conductor detection sensitivity in a specific peripheral area where the outer shell case is assumed to exist, and a detection circuit assembly (703) with the coil of the detection coil assembly as a resonance circuit element. The characteristics of the proximity sensor are completely adjusted before shipment. As a result, the adjustment of the characteristics which otherwise might be required each time is eliminated even in the case of the combination with an outer shell case of a different material.

Abstract: A femtosecond laser with stabilized output, and a method for stabilizing the output of a femtosecond laser. The femtosecond laser comprises a regenerative amplifier, a photodetector, a control portion and a variable attenuator, wherein the variable attenuator is provided so as to be capable of controlling an output beam of the regenerative amplifier, the photodetector is provided between the regenerative amplifier and the variable attenuator, the photodetector detects an output beam of the regenerative amplifier and transmits the results of the detection to a power controller, and the power controller controls the variable attenuator depending on the a difference between a predetermined target value and the results.

Abstract: A retroreflective photoelectric sensor has a light-emitting optical system having a light-emitting element and a first polarizer and serving to transmit light from the light-emitting element through the first polarizer, a light-receiving optical system having a second polarizer and a light-receiving element and serving to convert light received through the second polarizer into an electrical signal by the light-receiving element, the first and second polarizers having mutually perpendicular polarizer axes, a single lens for both emitting light from the light-emitting element and receiving light to the light-receiving element therethrough, a beam splitter serving to direct light received from the light-emitting optical system to the single lens and light received from the single lens to the light-receiving optical system, and a phase shifter inserted between the light-emitting optical system and the single lens.

Abstract: A retroreflective photoelectric sensor has a light-emitting optical system having a light-emitting element and a first polarizer and serving to transmit light from the light-emitting element through the first polarizer, a light-receiving optical system having a second polarizer and a light-receiving element and serving to convert light received through the second polarizer into an electrical signal by the light-receiving element, the first and second polarizers having mutually perpendicular polarizer axes, a single lens for both emitting light from the light-emitting element and receiving light to the light-receiving element therethrough, a beam splitter serving to direct light received from the light-emitting optical system to the single lens and light received from the single lens to the light-receiving optical system, and a phase shifter inserted between the light-emitting optical system and the single lens.

Abstract: An optical encoder including a graduation plate inscribed with a graduation line along a predetermined direction and an optical reader for optically reading the graduation line on the graduation plate in which a corresponding electric signal is outputted from the optical reader in accordance with movement of the graduation plate and the optical reader relative to each other, the optical reader includes a light projecting optical system for irradiating light from a light projecting source to the graduation plate and a light receiving optical system for focusing light from the graduation plate to a light receiving portion and the light receiving optical system is constituted by a telecentric optical system to thereby enable to be fabricated at low cost by dispensing with high integrating accuracy.

Abstract: A retroreflective photoelectric sensor may be of a biaxial type or of a coaxial type. A sensor of the biaxial type includes a light-emitting optical system having a light-emitting element, a first polarizer and a light-emitting lens arranged sequentially in this order, a light-receiving optical system having a light-receiving lens, a second polarizer and a light-receiving element arranged sequentially in this order, and a phase shifter inserted between the first polarizer and the light-emitting lens of the light-emitting optical system. The polarizer axes of the first and second polarizers are mutually perpendicular. A phase shifter such as a ½ wave plate may further be placed between the first polarizer and the light-emitting lens of the light-emitting optical system.

Abstract: A proximity sensor 717 comprising a combination of an arbitrarily selected one of a plurality of types of detection end modules 707, a plurality of types of output circuit modules 709 and a plurality of types of outer shell cases 711. The detection end module 707 includes an integrated arrangement having a detection coil assembly 705, 701, 702) with the detection characteristic self-completed by a mask conductor 700 for reducing the conductor detection sensitivity in a specific peripheral area where the outer shell case is assumed to exist, and a detection circuit assembly (703) with the coil of the detection coil assembly as a resonance circuit element. The characteristics of the proximity sensor are completely adjusted before shipment. As a result, the adjustment of the characteristics which otherwise might be required each time is eliminated even in the case of the combination with an outer shell case of a different material.

Abstract: A sensor has an emitting device for emitting radiation pulses repeatedly and a receiving device for receiving these pulses. The receiving device includes a converter such as a photoelectric converter to convert the received radiation pulses into electrical pulses. On the basis of a known waveform characteristic or characteristics of true electrical pulse it is judged if a pulse which appears on the output line of the converter is a true electrical pulse caused by receiving the radiation pulse emitted from the emitting device or a false electrical pulse caused by noise. The result of this judgment is outputted from an output device. The emitting device may serve to emit the pulses according to a specified bit pattern and the receiving device may serve to compare the pattern of received pulses with a standard bit pattern and to thereby distinguish between true and false electrical pulses.

Abstract: A retroreflective photoelectric sensor may be of a biaxial type or of a coaxial type. A sensor of the biaxial type includes a light-emitting optical system having a light-emitting element, a first polarizer and a light-emitting lens arranged sequentially in this order, a light-receiving optical system having a light-receiving lens, a second polarizer and a light-receiving element arranged sequentially in this order, and a phase shifter inserted between the first polarizer and the light-emitting lens of the light-emitting optical system. The polarizer axes of the first and second polarizers are mutually perpendicular. A phase shifter such as a ½ wave plate may further be placed between the first polarizer and the light-emitting lens of the light-emitting optical system.

Abstract: A photoelectric sensor transmits pulsed light repetitively, receives light which may include noise and generates a corresponding electrical reception signal. The level of reception signal is compared with a specified threshold value at a timing which is slightly delayed from the timing of light transmission. A sensor output is generated on the basis of the result of this comparison. If periodically changing noise is present and the reception signal has an AC waveform, the level of the reception signal is compared with another threshold value proximal to an AC zero level. The timing of next light transmission is controlled on the basis of the result of the second comparison.

Abstract: A photoelectric sensor has an emitting device for emitting radiation pulses repeatedly and a receiving device for receiving these pulses. The receiving device includes a converter such as a photoelectric converter to convert the received radiation pulses into electrical pulses. On the basis of a known waveform characteristic or characteristics of true electrical pulse it is judged if a pulse which appears on the output line of the converter is a true electrical pulse caused by receiving the radiation pulse emitted from the emitting device or a false electrical pulse caused by noise. The result of this judgment is outputted from an output device. The emitting device may serve to emit the pulses according to a specified bit pattern and the receiving device may serve to compare the pattern of received pulses simultaneously with two or more standard bit patterns and to thereby distinguish between true and false electrical pulses.

Abstract: An optical encoder including a graduation plate inscribed with a graduation line along a predetermined direction and an optical reader for optically reading the graduation line on the graduation plate in which a corresponding electric signal is outputted from the optical reader in accordance with movement of the graduation plate and the optical reader relative to each other, the optical reader includes a light projecting optical system for irradiating light from a light projecting light source to the graduation plate and a light receiving optical system for focusing light from the graduation plate to a light receiving portion and the light receiving optical system is constituted by a telecentric optical system to thereby enable to be fabricated at low cost by dispensing with high integrating accuracy.

Abstract: A photoelectric sensor transmits pulsed light repetitively, receives light which may include noise and generates a corresponding electrical reception signal. The level of reception signal is compared with a specified threshold value at a timing which is slightly delayed from the timing of light transmission. A sensor output is generated on the basis of the result of this comparison. If periodically changing noise is present and the reception signal has an AC waveform, the level of the reception signal is compared with another threshold value proximal to an AC zero level. The timing of next light transmission is controlled on the basis of the result of the result of the second comparison.

Abstract: A sensor has an emitting device for emitting radiation pulses repeatedly and a receiving device for receiving these pulses. The receiving device includes a converter such as a photoelectric converter to convert the received radiation pulses into electrical pulses. On the basis of a known waveform characteristic or characteristics of true electrical pulse it is judged if a pulse which appears on the output line of the converter is a true electrical pulse caused by receiving the radiation pulse emitted from the emitting device or a false electrical pulse caused by noise. The result of this judgment is outputted from an output device. The emitting device may serve to emit the pulses according to a specified bit pattern and the receiving device may serve to compare the pattern of received pulses with a standard bit pattern and to thereby distinguish between true and false electrical pulses.

Abstract: Each of a detection sample object and a non-detection sample object is illuminated with S-polarization light, for instance. S-polarization light and P-polarization light reflected from each sample object are detected by different photodetecting elements. Glossiness values and light quantities of the detection and non-detection sample objects are judged based on detection outputs of the photodetecting elements, and a glossiness difference and a light quantity difference are calculated. An evaluation function having at least one of the glossiness and the light quantity as a variable is determined by using the glossiness difference and the light quantity difference. Thresholds for object discrimination are calculated based on evaluation function values of the detection and non-detection sample objects.

Abstract: A reflective-type photoelectric switch projects emitted light from a light-emitting element toward a detection zone by a light-projecting optical system, and guides reflected light from an object to be detected in the detection zone to a light-receiving element by a light-receiving optical system. A special optical element is used in part of at least one of the two optical systems. The optical element functions to diverge light in a direction parallel to a plane containing the optic axes of the light-emitting and light-receiving elements, and condense light in a direction perpendicular to the same plane. As a result, it is possible to detect, with excellent sensitivity, both an object which is far from the switch and an object very near the switch.

Abstract: The projection lights including the red and infrared lights are projected from a light projecting device (3) onto a reflex reflector (7) arranged at a position which is away from the light projecting device by a predetermined distance. The reflex reflector reflects the red light and absorbs the infrared light. The reflected lights from the reflex reflector or an object to be detected are detected by a photo sensitive device (4). The photo sensitive device individually detects the red light and infrared light and outputs two light detection signals. The sum of the light detection signals is compared with the first threshold value. The difference between the light detection signals is compared with the second threshold value. An object detection signal is formed on the basis of the logical arithmetic operation of the results of the comparison.

Abstract: A reflection type photoelectric switch including a light emitting member for emitting a substantially single light beam having first and second different wavelengths, a reflector for reflecting the emitted light beam at different reflection rates with respect to the first and second and wavelengths, a light receiving member for sensing rays at the first and second wavelengths, and means for analyzing outputs generated from the light receiving member receiving the reflected light beam at the first and second wavelengths to generate an output representing the existence of an object to be detected by the photoelectric switch.