Abstract: A process of removing methanol from a mixed stream comprising methanol and at least one hydrocarbon and utilizing the hydrocarbon as feed for an acid catalyzed alkylation unit which produces a spent acid stream is provided. The process is comprised of the steps of contacting the mixed stream with at least a portion of the alkylation unit spent acid stream whereby the methanol is reacted therewith and an aqueous reaction mixture is formed, separating the aqueous reaction mixture from the hydrocarbon and conducting the hydrocarbon to the alkylation unit.

Abstract: In the desalting of crude oil, water-insoluble solids such as rust, iron sulfide, silt, clay, drilling mud components, etc., contained in the crude accumulate in an interfacial emulsion layer or cuff between the desalted crude and water phases. The major portion of this cuff is recycled to the crude feed and the remainder is mixed with a light diluent oil to break the emulsion and then settled to separate the crude and the water. The water-insoluble solids separate with the water. The separated oil phase may be combined with the desalted crude.

Abstract: Vacuum resid and cracked residuum such as decant oil or thermal tar are processed together to reduce the ultimate yield of coke, asphalt and fuel oil. The vacuum resid is donor cracked, and the donor cracker effluent is quenched with decant oil or thermal tar and then fractionated. Fractionator bottoms are vacuum distilled, and vacuum tower overheads are hydrogenated to produce donor for the donor cracker.

Abstract: A oil shale retorting process in which oil shale particles are separated into fines and large particles. The large particles are preheated and combined with hot spent shale from a combustor and introduced into a retorting vessel. The fines are introduced into the disengaging section of the retorting vessel. Retort vapors are processed to produce an upgraded syncrude. The portion of the retort vessel where the oil shale and spent shale are introduced has a smaller diameter than the retorting section.

Abstract: High moisture coal is dried in a turbulent bed by contact with heated char. The dried coal is cooled and then treated with a coal spray for storage stability against spontaneous combustion.

Abstract: A process for the production of heavy oil from a subterranean oil reservoir by the injection of a hot aqueous fluid into the reservoir and the injection of a diluent solvent down the production well to produce a blend of solvent and oil having a decreased viscosity. The reservoir oil has a density greater than the density of water. The diluent solvent has a density such that the density of the resulting blend recovered from the production well also has a density greater than the density of the water. The water produced from the production well is separated from the blend and the blend then fractionated to recover a solvent fraction of the requisite density. This solvent fraction is then returned to the production well to produce additional blend within the well in a continuation of the process.

Abstract: Bitumen contained in tar sands is extracted in a primary extraction step which produces a bitumen-containing froth. A hydrogen donor diluent solvent is added to the froth, and the froth-solvent mix is subjected to a desalting operation. A bitumen-solvent product from the desalting step is subjected to a coking operation. In one embodiment, a delayed coker is used, and a gas oil fraction from the coker overhead vapors in hydrogenated and used as the donor solvent in the desalting step.

Abstract: Heavy hydrocarbonaceous materials are converted to distillate products and pitch in a hydrogen donor diluent cracking process, and the pitch is utilized as feed to a delayed coker. Green coke is calcined in a vertical shaft kiln, and steam is injected into the bottom of the kiln to produce hydrogen by reaction of steam with coke. The hydrogen is drawn from the kiln and used to hydrogenate recycle donor solvent for the cracking step. High sulfur coke can be desulfurized in the kiln, and distillate products in addition to donor solvent can be hydrotreated using hydrogen from the kiln.

Abstract: Carbonaceous material such as petroleum coke is calcined in the upper part of an air-injected vertical shaft kiln, and steam injected into the lower part of the kiln reacts with hot coke below the combustion zone to produce hydrogen and carbon monoxide. A product gas stream rich in hydrogen and low in nitrogen is withdrawn from a level below the combustion zone in the kiln. High sulfur coke can be desulfurized in the process by maintaining the temperature in the calcining zone above 1400.degree. C.

Abstract: A process for preparing a blended fuel from lignite and fuel oil type hydrocarbons. The process involves drying lignite to a low moisture level, applying a treating liquid to the dried lignite, storing the treated lignite, and subsequently blending treated lignite with liquid hydrocarbon such as fuel oil.

Abstract: A composition for treating particulate hydrocarbon fuel material such as coal and lignite to reduce dust losses, improve cold weather handling and reduce spontaneous combustion. The composition is a blend of aromatic hydrocarbon oil and asphalt and has a high viscosity, high flash point and high initial boiling point.