Abstract: A process to prepare a microcrystalline wax by contacting under hydroisomerisation conditions a feed, having at least 80 wt % of normal-paraffins and having a congealing point of above 60 ° C., with a catalyst having a noble metal and a porous silica-alumina carrier.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of one or more hydrocarbon fuel products boiling in the kero/diesel range from a stream of hydrocarbons produced in a Fischer-Tropsch process, in which process synthesis gas is converted into liquid hydrocarbons, at least a part of the hydrocarbons boiling above the kero/diesel range, comprising the following steps: (1) hydrocracking/hydroisomerising at least a part of the Fischer-Tropsch hydrocarbons stream at a conversion per pass of at most 80 wt % of the material boiling above 370° C. into material boiling below 370° C., (2) separating the product stream obtained in step (1) into one or more light fractions boiling below the kero/diesel boiling range, one or more fractions boiling in the kero/diesel boiling range and a heavy fraction boiling above the kero/diesel boiling range, (3) hydrocracking/hydroisomerising the major part of the heavy fraction obtained in step (2) at a conversion per pass of at most 80 wt % of the material boiling above 370° C.

Abstract: Process for the preparation of a highly linear alcohol composition is provided comprising the steps of:

Abstract: Process for the preparation of a highly linear alcohol composition is provided comprising the steps of: (a) reacting carbon monoxide with hydrogen under Fischer-Tropsch reaction conditions in the presence of a Fischer-Tropsch catalyst comprising cobalt; (b) separating from the product of step (a) at least one hydrocarbon fraction comprising between 10 and 50% by weight of olefins containing 6 or more carbon atoms; (c) contacting one or more of the hydrocarbon fractions obtained in step (b) with carbon monoxide and hydrogen under hydroformylation conditions in the presence of a hydroformylation catalyst based on a source of cobalt and one or more alkyl phosphines; and (d) recovering the alcohol composition.

Abstract: Process for the preparation of a highly linear alcohol composition is provided comprising the steps of:

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for the activation of a catalyst in the presence of a hydrocarbon liquid, which catalyst comprises a Group Ib, VIIb or VIII metal compound, by contacting the catalyst with a hydrogen-containing gas at a hydrogen partial pressure of at least 15 bar abs. The present invention further relates to a hydrocarbon synthesis process which comprises activating a hydrocarbon synthesis catalyst in the presence of a hydrocarbon liquid by contacting the catalyst with a hydrogen-containing gas at a hydrogen partial pressure of at least 15 bar abs., and, subsequently, contacting the catalyst with a mixture of hydrogen and carbon monoxide at hydrocarbon synthesis reaction conditions.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for carrying out an exothermic reaction in the presence of a solid catalyst in a three-phase slurry reactor which includes a slurry zone and a freeboard zone. In the slurry zone, the catalyst is kept in suspension in a slurry liquid and in the freeboard zone, a liquid reflux is maintained to remove catalyst from the freeboard zone and, preferably, recycling the catalyst to the slurry zone. The present invention also relates to a three-phase slurry reactor adapted to the process.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of hydrocarbons by catalytic reaction of carbon monoxide with hydrogen in which reaction a feed comprising hydrogen and carbon monoxide is contacted at elevated temperature and pressure with a catalyst comprising cobalt and manganese in which catalyst the cobalt/manganese molar ratio is between 14:1 and 7:1 and the GHSV is at least 1600 N1/1/h. Preferably the cobalt/manganese molar ratio is between 13:1 and 9:1 and the GHSV is between 2700 and 25,000 N1/1/h. The reaction is especially carried out in a slurry phase regime.

Abstract: The present invention relates to the use of wax for food applications, which wax has a congealing point of more than 65.degree. C. and a Saybolt color of more than +25, which wax is obtainable by subjecting a wax prepared in a Fischer-Tropsch synthesis process to a hydrogenation treatment to prepare a hydrogenated wax containing less than 1.5% by weight of oxygenates, fractionating the hydrogenated wax to obtain a hydrogenated wax fraction having a desired congealing point, and subjecting the hydrogenated wax fraction to a hydrofinishing treatment. The present invention further relates a process for the preparation of a wax which comprises subjecting a wax prepared in a Fischer-Tropsch synthesis process to a hydrogenation treatment to prepare a hydrogenated wax containing less than 1.5% by weight of oxygenates, fractionating the hydrogenated wax to obtain a hydrogenated wax fraction having a desired congealing point, and subjecting the hydrogenated wax fraction to a hydrofinishing treatment.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for carrying out an exothermic reaction in the presence of a solid catalyst in a three-phase slurry reactor comprising a slurry zone and a freeboard zone, in which slurry zone the catalyst is kept in suspension in a slurry liquid, and in which freeboard zone a liquid reflux is maintained to remove catalyst from the freeboard zone and, preferably, recycling the catalyst to the slurry zone. According to a further aspect, the present invention relates to a three-phase slurry reactor adapted to the process.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of a lubricating base oil including contacting a hydrocarbon feed with a catalyst in the presence of hydrogen, which catalyst includes a hydrogenation component supported on an amorphous silica-alumina carrier having a macroporosity in the range of from 5% vol to 50% vol. The hydrocarbon feed is most preferably a slack wax or a synthetic wax. The preferred catalyst for use in the process includes a combination of one or more of the metals cobalt, iron, and nickel, and one or more of the metals chromium, molybdenum, and tungsten on an amorphous silica-alumina carrier having a macroporosity in the range of from 5% vol to 50% vol.

Abstract: Process for the preparation of a zeolitic catalyst which comprises treating a zeolite of the Y-type having an alkali oxide/aluminum oxide molar ratio of at most 0.13 with a solution of a multi-valent metal salt having a cationic radius between 0.6 and 1.0 .ANG. and combining the ion-exchanged zeolite without a calcination step with a hydrogenation component of a Group VIII and/or Group VI(b) metal.

Abstract: A process for converting hydrocarbon oils into products of low average molecular weight and lower average boiling point comprising contacting a hydrocarbon oil at elevated temperature and pressure in the presence of hydrogen with a catalyst comprising a modified Y zeolite having a unit cell size below 24.45 .ANG., a degree of crystallinity which is at least retained at increasing SiO.sub.2 /Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 molar ratios, a water adsorption capacity (at 25.degree. C. and a p/p.sub.o value of 0.2) of at least 8% by weight of modified zeolite and a pore volume of at least 0.25 ml/g wherein between 10% and 60% of the total pore volume is made up of pores having a diameter of at least 8 nm, an amorphous cracking component, a binder and at least one hydrogenation component of a Group VI metal and/or at least one hydrogenation component of a Group VIII metal. The invention also relates to catalyst compositions suitable for use in said process.

Abstract: Composition of matter suitable as a catalyst (base) in hydroprocessing comprising a crystalline aluminosilicate zeolite and a binder wherein the crystalline aluminosilicate comprises a modified Y zeolite having a unit cell size below 24.35 .ANG., a degree of crystallinity which is at least retained at increasing SiO.sub.2 /Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 molar ratios, a water adsorption capacity (at 25.degree. C. and a p/p.sub.o value of 0.2) of at least 8% by weight of modified zeolite and a pore volume of at least 0.25 ml/g wherein between 10% and 60% of the total pore volume is made up of pores having a diameter of at least 8 nm. The invention also relates to hydroconversion catalysts and processes based on said compositions of matter.

Abstract: Composition of matter suitable as a catalyst (base) in hydroprocessing comprising a crystalline aluminosilicate zeolite and a binder wherein the crystalline aluminosilicate comprises a modified Y zeolite having a unit cell size below 24.35 .ANG., a degree of crystallinity which is at least retained at increasing SiO.sub.2 /Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 molar ratios, a water adsorption capacity (at 25.degree. C. and a p/p.sub.o value of 0.2) of at least 8% by weight of modified zeolite and a pore volume of at least 0.25 ml/g wherein between 10% and 60% of the total pore volume is made up of pores having a diameter of at least 8 nm. The invention also relates to hydroconversion catalysts and processes based on said compositions of matter.

Abstract: A process for converting hydrocarbon oils into products of low average molecular weight and lower average boiling point comprising contacting a hydrocarbon oil at elevated temperature and pressure in the presence of hydrogen with a catalyst comprising a modified Y zeolite having a unit cell size below 24.45 .ANG., a degree of crystallinity which is at least retained at increasing SiO.sub.2 /Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 molar ratios, a water adsorption capacity (at 25.degree. C. and p/p.sub.o value of 0.2) of at least 8% by weight of modified zeolite and a pore volume of at least 0.25 ml/g wherein between 10% and 60% of the total pore volume is made up of pores having a diameter of at least 8 nm, an amorphous cracking component, a binder and at least one hydrogenation component of a Group VI metal and/or at least one hydrogenation component of a Group VIII metal. The invention also relates to catalyst compositions suitable for use in said process.

Abstract: A process is disclosed for the catalytic dewaxing of a hydrocarbon oil by contacting said oil at catalytic dewaxing conditions with a catalyst comprising a crystalline aluminum silicate which has the following composition in terms of the molar ratios of the oxides:(0.9+0.2)Z.sub.p O.sub.q :Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 :xSiO.sub.2 : yH.sub.2 Owherein Z is at least one cation, p and q are each at least one and satisfy the electroneutrality of Z.sub.p O.sub.q, x is at least 10 and y/x is 0-25, and which crystalline aluminum silicate has a defined characteristic X-ray diffraction pattern as set forth in Table A.

Abstract: A catalyst for the production of dimethyl ether from syngas, which comprises mixing a dehydration catalyst with a methanol synthesis catalyst comprising copper, zinc, chromium and/or aluminum which has been prepared by low-temperature co-precipitation from an aqueous solution containing specified amounts of the metals concerned.

Abstract: Catalysts for the production of methanol from mixtures of carbon monoxide and hydrogen are prepared by dispersing in water a co-precipitate of zinc and at least one of chromium and aluminum together with a co-precipitate of copper, zinc and optionally at least one of chromium and aluminum, followed by spray drying of the dispersion, and calcining the spray dried material.

Abstract: A process for converting C.sub.2 -C.sub.5 olefins into middle distillates at a temperature of 150.degree.-300.degree. C. over a catalyst which has been prepared by depositing at least 0.1% w Ni or Co by ion exchange onto a crystalline metal silicate having a ZSM-5 structure.