Abstract: A homogenization device for homogenization of a magnetic field with an non-magnetic carrier and compensation elements formed of a magnetic material, the carrier having a carrier wall and the carrier wall surrounding a carrier interior, in the homogenization device located in the magnetic field the magnetic field penetrating into the carrier interior through a first carrier region of the carrier wall and emerging from the carrier interior through a second carrier region of the carrier wall and each of the compensation elements which are located on the carrier contributing to the homogenization of the magnetic field at least in the carrier interior. In the homogenization device, handling during homogenization is improved in that there are recesses in the carrier wall and in each of the recesses at least one of the compensation elements can be directly inserted and removed.

Abstract: A magnetization device with a magnetic field which is generated by permanent magnets for variable magnetization of a medium flowing through a tube over a magnetization distance along the longitudinal axis of the tube. The magnetization device improves the quality of the results relative to known nuclear magnetic resonance measurement and analysis methods in that the magnetic field in the medium has a single direction over the magnetization distance.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing a substrate with a patterned layer of deposited material, the patterned layer being deposited from a processing head, the method comprising applying bearing gas from the processing head to keep the processing head hovering over the substrate on a gas bearing; moving the substrate and the hovering processing head relative to each other; applying a primer material for selective deposition of a deposition material to the substrate, the primer material being applied from a first area of a surface of the processing head that faces the substrate, and spatially patterning the primer on the substrate after or during application; applying the deposition material to the substrate from a second area of the surface of the processing head that faces the substrate, the second area lying downstream of the first area in a direction of the movement of the substrate relative to the processing head.

Abstract: A magnetization device for permeation of a multiphase fluid flowing through a measurement tube of a nuclear magnetic flow meter with a magnetic field which is homogenous at least in one plane, with a plurality of permanent magnets for generation of a magnetic field and with a carrier, the carrier having at least one magnet receiver, each magnet receiver accommodating at least one of the permanent magnets, the shape of the magnet receivers and of the permanent magnets allowing movement of the permanent magnets in the magnet receivers only in one direction and the permanent magnets being by the magnet receivers formed by hollow profiles. The hollow profile magnet receivers can be receiving tubes for the magnets that can be turned around their longitudinal axis or the profiles can have a rotatable adapter for the magnets so that a first shimming action can be achieved with the profiles.

Abstract: A homogenization device for homogenization of a magnetic field with an non-magnetic carrier and compensation elements formed of a magnetic material, the carrier having a carrier wall and the carrier wall surrounding a carrier interior, in the homogenization device located in the magnetic field the magnetic field penetrating into the carrier interior through a first carrier region of the carrier wall and emerging from the carrier interior through a second carrier region of the carrier wall and each of the compensation elements which are located on the carrier contributing to the homogenization of the magnetic field at least in the carrier interior. In the homogenization device, handling during homogenization is improved in that there are recesses in the carrier wall and in each of the recesses at least one of the compensation elements can be directly inserted and removed.

Abstract: A magnetization device with a magnetic field which is generated by permanent magnets for variable magnetization of a medium flowing through a tube over a magnetization distance along the longitudinal axis of the tube. The magnetization device improves the quality of the results relative to known nuclear magnetic resonance measurement and analysis methods in that the magnetic field in the medium has a single direction over the magnetization distance.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing a substrate with a patterned layer of deposited material, the patterned layer being deposited from a processing head, the method comprising applying bearing gas from the processing head to keep the processing head hovering over the substrate on a gas bearing; moving the substrate and the hovering processing head relative to each other; applying a primer material for selective deposition of a deposition material to the substrate, the primer material being applied from a first area of a surface of the processing head that faces the substrate, and spatially patterning the primer on the substrate after or during application; applying the deposition material to the substrate from a second area of the surface of the processing head that faces the substrate, the second area lying downstream of the first area in a direction of the movement of the substrate relative to the processing head.

Abstract: The invention relates to a low-pressure mercury vapor discharge lamp (10) comprising a metal compound which is selected from the group formed by compounds of titanium, zirconium, hafnium and their mixtures. The effect of adding the metal compound selected from said group to the gas filling of the discharge space (14) results in an increased efficiency of the low-pressure gas discharge lamp (10), because part of the emitted light from the discharge space (14) is in the visible range of the electromagnetic spectrum. In one embodiment of the invention, the low-pressure gas discharge lamp (10) produces substantially white light without the use of a luminescent layer (16) comprising a luminescent material. In another embodiment of the invention, the luminescent layer (16) is applied to the discharge vessel (12) of the low-pressure gas discharge lamp (10). The light emitted by the luminescent material can be mixed with the light emitted from the discharge space (14) to produce the required color.

Abstract: A cleaning apparatus to clean a substrate or component of an immersion lithographic apparatus is disclosed. The cleaning apparatus may comprise a plasma radical source, a conduit and a radical confinement system. The plasma radical source may provide a flow of radicals. The conduit may supply radicals from the plasma radical source to the surface to be cleaned. The radical confinement system may direct the radicals to clean a localized portion of the surface. The cleaning apparatus may comprise a rotator and may be configured to clean a substrate edge. An immersion lithographic apparatus comprising the cleaning apparatus to clean a surface is also disclosed. The immersion lithographic apparatus may comprise a substrate table to support a substrate and a fluid confinement structure to at least partly confine immersion fluid between a projection system and a substrate table and/or substrate.