Abstract: A composition for treating materials contaminated with hydrocarbon compounds comprises a protein component, a bulking agent and a microbial culture capable of metabolizing the hydrocarbon contaminants. The composition is mixed with the contaminated material and absorbs or adsorbs the contaminants thereby preventing leaching of same into the environment. The microbial culture allows for biodegradation of the contaminant thereby removing any environmental risk associated with the contaminated material. The protein component and bulking agent are preferably organic in nature and the microbial culture may be indigenous to the protein material. The invention also provides a method of treating hydrocarbon-contaminated material using a composition as described above. The invention is particularly suited for treating contaminated drill cuttings.