Abstract: Path specific rolling resistance is determined in a method including: receiving, from a first source, first rolling resistance data of a first set of road surface portions of a corresponding first set of times; receiving, from a second source, second rolling resistance data of a second set of road surface portions of a corresponding second set of times; determining, using any of the first rolling resistance data and the second rolling resistance data, a path specific rolling resistance for a given path including one or more of the road surface portions selected from the first and second set of road surface portions; and providing at least one target vehicle with the path specific rolling resistance or a derivative of the path specific rolling resistance.

Abstract: Path specific rolling resistance is determined in a method including: receiving, from a first source, first rolling resistance data of a first set of road surface portions of a corresponding first set of times; receiving, from a second source, second rolling resistance data of a second set of road surface portions of a corresponding second set of times; determining, using any of the first rolling resistance data and the second rolling resistance data, a path specific rolling resistance for a given path including one or more of the road surface portions selected from the first and second set of road surface portions; and providing at least one target vehicle with the path specific rolling resistance or a derivative of the path specific rolling resistance.

Abstract: An apparatus and a method including, receiving by a server, from a first vehicle, a first optical measurement result of a surface of a road, wherein the first optical measurement result is associated with a first location of the road, receiving by the server, from a second vehicle, a second optical measurement result of the surface of the road associated with the first location of the road and calibrating a sensor of the second vehicle at the server based on a difference between the first and the second optical measurement results associated with the first location of the road.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for the estimation of maximum friction between a vehicular tire and a road surface via driving dynamics measurements and at least one sensor measuring the road surface, comprising measuring road surface properties via a sensor; measuring the state of motion of a vehicle and a tire and concluding therefrom a momentary maximum friction coefficient when the tire is subjected to a sufficient friction force; storing a maximum friction estimate concluded from the above-mentioned measurements, along with measuring results regarding road surface properties measured at the moment of measurement; when the tire is not subjected to a friction force sufficient for measuring maximum friction, using, as a maximum friction estimate, the previously measured maximum friction estimate, such that an applied selection criterion for the maximum friction estimate is the newness as up-to-date as possible of the measuring result and a consistency of the road surface measuring result.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for the estimation of maximum friction between a vehicular tire and a road surface via driving dynamics measurements and at least one sensor measuring the road surface, comprising measuring road surface properties via a sensor; measuring the state of motion of a vehicle and a tire and concluding therefrom a momentary maximum friction coefficient when the tire is subjected to a sufficient friction force; storing a maximum friction estimate concluded from the above-mentioned measurements, along with measuring results regarding road surface properties measured at the moment of measurement; when the tire is not subjected to a friction force sufficient for measuring maximum friction, using, as a maximum friction estimate, the previously measured maximum friction estimate, such that an applied selection criterion for the maximum friction estimate is the newness as up-to-date as possible of the measuring result and a consistency of the road surface measuring result.