Abstract: In one aspect there is an apparatus. The apparatus may include an electronic circuit that generates a first magnetic field from a current in the electronic circuit. The apparatus may further include a sensing circuit separated from the electronic circuit by a predetermined distance to sense the first magnetic field. A cage circuit may cancel a portion of the first magnetic field at the sensing circuit. The cage circuit may generate a cage current from the current in the electronic circuit and at least one of a phase shift or an amplitude shift applied to the current in the electronic circuit. The cage current may generate a second magnetic field causing cancellation of the portion of the magnetic field from the electronic circuit at the sensing circuit.

Abstract: In one aspect there is an apparatus. The apparatus may include an electronic circuit that generates a first magnetic field from a current in the electronic circuit. The apparatus may further include a sensing circuit separated from the electronic circuit by a predetermined distance to sense the first magnetic field. A cage circuit may cancel a portion of the first magnetic field at the sensing circuit. The cage circuit may generate a cage current from the current in the electronic circuit and at least one of a phase shift or an amplitude shift applied to the current in the electronic circuit. The cage current may generate a second magnetic field causing cancellation of the portion of the magnetic field from the electronic circuit at the sensing circuit.

Abstract: In one aspect there is an apparatus. The apparatus may include an electronic circuit that generates a first magnetic field from a current in the electronic circuit. The apparatus may further include a sensing circuit separated from the electronic circuit by a predetermined distance to sense the first magnetic field. A cage circuit may cancel a portion of the first magnetic field at the sensing circuit. The cage circuit may generate a cage current from the current in the electronic circuit and at least one of a phase shift or an amplitude shift applied to the current in the electronic circuit. The cage current may generate a second magnetic field causing cancellation of the portion of the magnetic field from the electronic circuit at the sensing circuit.

Abstract: In one aspect there is an apparatus. The apparatus may include an electronic circuit that generates a first magnetic field from a current in the electronic circuit. The apparatus may further include a sensing circuit separated from the electronic circuit by a predetermined distance to sense the first magnetic field. A cage circuit may cancel a portion of the first magnetic field at the sensing circuit. The cage circuit may generate a cage current from the current in the electronic circuit and at least one of a phase shift or an amplitude shift applied to the current in the electronic circuit. The cage current may generate a second magnetic field causing cancellation of the portion of the magnetic field from the electronic circuit at the sensing circuit.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for operating a frequency synthesizer wherein a value of an first control signal associated with a fine frequency feedback loop connected to a signal generator is monitored, and a second control signal associated with a medium or coarse frequency feedback loop connected to the signal generator is adjusted based on the monitoring. The first and second control signals are then output to control the frequency synthesizer.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for operating a frequency synthesizer wherein a value of an first control signal associated with a fine frequency feedback loop connected to a signal generator is monitored, and a second control signal associated with a medium or coarse frequency feedback loop connected to the signal generator is adjusted based on the monitoring. The first and second control signals are then output to control the frequency synthesizer.

Abstract: A filtering method, a transceiver and a transmitter are provided. The transmitter comprises a power amplifier amplifying an RF signal and having multiple stages, and a local oscillator, the power amplifier comprising between at least two stages of the power amplifier an impedance circuitry for forming an impedance at a frequency related to the frequency of the local oscillator, and a switch for switching the impedance of the impedance circuitry means to RF frequency.

Abstract: A transconductor input circuit for a down converting quadrature mixer stage of a direct-conversion receiver comprises a pair of common-gate input transistors whose source electrodes are coupled to a differential radio frequency (RF) input signal outputted from an interstage RF filter. The transconductor circuit further comprises a pair of equally-sized biasing transistors for biasing the pair of common-gate input transistors. Source electrodes of the biasing transistors are coupled to the source electrodes of the transistors to sense the differential radio frequency input signal for canceling intermodulation distortion.

Abstract: A transconductor input circuit for a down converting quadrature mixer stage of a direct-conversion receiver comprises a pair of common-gate input transistors whose source electrodes are coupled to a differential radio frequency (RF) input signal outputted from an interstage RF filter. The transconductor circuit further comprises a pair of equally-sized biasing transistors for biasing the pair of common-gate input transistors. Source electrodes of the biasing transistors are coupled to the source electrodes of the transistors to sense the differential radio frequency input signal for canceling intermodulation distortion.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a resonator structure, temperature compensation method and temperature control apparatus for controlling local temperature of a resonator structure. At least one heating element (55) is integrated on a substrate of the resonator structure, and a temperature control signal generated based on a stored temperature characteristic is applied to the at least one integrated heating element (55). Thereby, the at least one heating element (55) and an optional integrated sensing element can be provided very close to the resonator. It is thus possible to control or calibrate variations of sensing elements, heating elements and resonator out from every sample.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a resonator structure, temperature compensation method and temperature control apparatus for controlling local temperature of a resonator structure. At least one heating element (55) is integrated on a substrate of the resonator structure, and a temperature control signal generated based on a stored temperature characteristic is applied to the at least one integrated heating element (55). Thereby, the at least one heating element (55) and an optional integrated sensing element can be provided very close to the resonator. It is thus possible to control or calibrate variations of sensing elements, heating elements and resonator out from every sample.

Abstract: A modulator, comprising an input unit configured to receive a modulating signal, a control unit configured to provide a control signal on the basis of the modulating signal, an oscillating unit configured to provide a plurality of instances of at least two phase components of a carrier frequency signal, a phase selector configure to select, on the basis of the control signal, a combination of the phase component instances so that an output signal representing the information contents of the modulating signal is obtained, and a combiner configured to combine the selected phase component instances to form a modulated output signal.

Abstract: A filtering method, a transceiver and a transmitter are provided. The transmitter comprises a power amplifier amplifying an RF signal and having multiple stages, and a local oscillator, the power amplifier comprising between at least two stages of the power amplifier an impedance circuitry for forming an impedance at a frequency related to the frequency of the local oscillator, and a switch for switching the impedance of the impedance circuitry means to RF frequency.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a resonator structure, temperature compensation method and temperature control apparatus for controlling local temperature of a resonator structure. At least one heating element (55) is integrated on a substrate of the resonator structure, and a temperature control signal generated based on a stored temperature characteristic is applied to the at least one integrated heating element (55). Thereby, the at least one heating element (55) and an optional integrated sensing element can be provided very close to the resonator. It is thus possible to control or calibrate variations of sensing elements, heating elements and resonator out from every sample.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a resonator structure, such as a film bulk acoustic wave (FBAW) resonator structure, which is modified to approximate a parasitic input characteristic to a parasitic output characteristic and thus enable use of the resonator structure in a differential topology. Thereby, crystal-based resonator structures can be replaced by the proposed differential resonator structure, which enables higher integration, reduced costs and higher frequencies. A crystal based oscillator cannot handle frequencies above 40 MHz in fundamental mode.

Abstract: A transconductor circuit includes a first input device M1 and a second input device M2 each having a control terminal coupled to a radio frequency input signal, and a bias setting device MB having a control terminal coupled to the radio frequency input signal and an output coupled to the control terminal of each of said M1 and M2. MB is partitioned into two equal sized bias setting devices MB1 and MB2. In the preferred embodiment MB1 and MB2 are coupled to the control terminals of M1 and M2 for establishing a bias voltage at the control terminals of M1 and M2. The circuit is shown to substantially cancel second-order intermodulation distortion and to enhance a second order intercept point.

Abstract: A resonant load circuit is disposed in an integrated circuit, where the resonant load circuit includes an integrated inductance in parallel with an integrated capacitance, and further includes a first integrated resistance Rs in series with one of the inductance and capacitance, preferably in series with the inductance, and a second integrated resistance Rp in parallel with the inductance and capacitance. The first and second integrated resistances have values selected for reducing an amount of resonant load circuit Q over a plurality of instances of the integrated circuit. In a preferred, but non-limiting, embodiment the resonant load circuit forms a load in an RF low noise amplifier, such as a balanced inductively degenerated common source low noise amplifier (LNA).

Abstract: A transconductor circuit includes a first input device M1 and a second input device M2 each having a control terminal coupled to a radio frequency input signal, and a bias setting device MB having a control terminal coupled to the radio frequency input signal and an output coupled to the control terminal of each of said M1 and M2. MB is partitioned into two equal sized bias setting devices MB1 and MB2. In the preferred embodiment MB1 and MB2 are coupled to the control terminals of M1 and M2 for establishing a bias voltage at the control terminals of M1 and M2. The circuit is shown to substantially cancel second-order intermodulation distortion and to enhance a second order intercept point.

Abstract: A method for forming a spiral inductor (11) or component of a transformer, compatible with very large scale integrated processing, that achieves a higher Q value without occupying more space by splitting at least one turn (13 51) as two or more crisscrossing or interwoven smaller-width turns (13a 13b 52 53 54 55). The at least one turn (51) may, for example, be split into four turns paired up to provide two pairs of two turns, and the turns of each pair may then be interwoven or crisscrossed, and then the two pairs may also be interwoven or crisscrossed. The splitting of a turn into two or more smaller-width turns results in the current being divided among the smaller-width turns.

Abstract: A resonant load circuit is disposed in an integrated circuit, where the resonant load circuit includes an integrated inductance in parallel with an integrated capacitance, and further includes a first integrated resistance Rs in series with one of the inductance and capacitance, preferably in series with the inductance, and a second integrated resistance Rp in parallel with the inductance and capacitance. The first and second integrated resistances have values selected for reducing an amount of resonant load circuit Q over a plurality of instances of the integrated circuit. In a preferred, but non-limiting, embodiment the resonant load circuit forms a load in an RF low noise amplifier, such as a balanced inductively degenerated common source low noise amplifier (LNA).