Abstract: A solar panel includes a substrate and a photoactive material. The photoactive material includes an ion and a counterion. An absolute magnitude of a binding energy between the ion and the counterion is less than or equal to about 6.5. A majority of available hydrogen sites on the counterion may be halogenated. A water contact angle of the photoactive material may be greater than or equal to about 65°. The solar panel may be a photovoltaic or a luminescent solar concentrator.

Abstract: Multi-layer fabrics and products incorporating the same are described in which the fabrics are configured to provide asymmetric resistance to liquid flow from one side of the fabric to the other. In garments or other products worn by a user, the effect can be utilized to prevent penetration of liquids (e.g., rain droplets) and contact of liquids from the exterior with the user's skin while allowing for extraction of droplets (e.g., sweat) in contact with an inner layer of the fabric out of contact with the skin and accelerating their evaporation. Medical and industrial applications of the fabric are contemplated as well.